hand antiseptic; hand sanitzer (alcohol-based hand rub)
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Introduction
Alcohol-based antiseptic for hand hygiene.
Also see hand hygiene.
Indications
- hand hygiene, may be superior to handwashing for infection control if hands not visibly soiled
- alcohol active ingredients (ethanol or isopropanol) in commercially available hand sanitizers, even when diluted to 30%, are effective in killing SARS-CoV-2 in vitro when used for >= 30 seconds[5]
- may be of value in controlling spread of norovirus[6]
Contraindications
- infection control associated with C difficile
- does not eradicate C difficile spores[2]
Procedure
- hands must be rubbed together vigorously, paying particular attention to the tips of the fingers, the thumbs, & the areas between the fingers, until the solution has evaporated & the hands are dry
Complications
- ingestion & ocular exposures among children[3]
- vomiting, oral irritation, cough, abdominal pain
- coma, seizure, hypoglycemia, metabolic acidosis, respiratory depression (rare)
- ocular exposures may result in conjunctivitis, conjunctival ischemia, corneal defects, superficial punctate keratopathy, blindnessin children[7]
- no deaths[3]
- hospital Enterococcus faecium becoming increasingly tolerant of alcohol-based hand sanitizers[4]
- benzene detected in multiple hand sanitizers[8]
More general terms
Additional terms
References
- ↑ Prescriber's Letter 14(8): 2007 Ingestion of Alcohol-based Hand Sanitizers Detail-Document#: http://prescribersletter.com/(5bhgn1a4ni4cyp2tvybwfh55)/pl/ArticleDD.aspx?li=1&st=1&cs=&s=PRL&pt=3&fpt=25&dd=230810&pb=PRL (subscription needed) http://www.prescribersletter.com
- ↑ Jump up to: 2.0 2.1 Geriatric Review Syllabus, 7th edition Parada JT et al (eds) American Geriatrics Society, 2010
- ↑ Jump up to: 3.0 3.1 3.2 Santos C, Kieszak S, Wang A, Law R, Schier J, Wolkin A. Reported Adverse Health Effects in Children from Ingestion of Alcohol-Based Hand Sanitizers - United States, 2011-2014. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 2017;66:223-226 https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/volumes/66/wr/mm6608a5.htm
- ↑ Jump up to: 4.0 4.1 Pidot SJ, Gao W, Buultjens AH et al Increasing tolerance of hospital Enterococcus faecium to handwash alcohols. Science Translational Medicine. Aug 1, 2018: 10(452):eaar6115 <PubMed> PMID: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30068573 <Internet> http://stm.sciencemag.org/content/10/452/eaar6115
- ↑ Jump up to: 5.0 5.1 Kratzel A, odt D, V'kovski P et al. Inactivation of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 by WHO-recommended hand rub formulations and alcohols. Emerg Infect Dis 2020 Apr 13; [e-pub] PMID: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32284092 Free Article https://wwwnc.cdc.gov/eid/article/26/7/20-0915_article
- ↑ Jump up to: 6.0 6.1 Riddle MS, DuPont HL, Connor BA. ACG Clinical Guideline: Diagnosis, Treatment, and Prevention of Acute Diarrheal Infections in Adults. Am J Gastroenterol. 2016 May;111(5):602-22. PMID: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27068718
- ↑ Jump up to: 7.0 7.1 Yangzes S, Grewal S, Gailson T et al Hand Sanitizer-Induced Ocular Injury. A COVID-19 Hazard in Children. JAMA Ophthalmol. 2021;139(3):362-364 PMID: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33475717 https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamaophthalmology/fullarticle/2775159
Colby K Unintended Consequences of Hand Sanitizer Use in the Coronavirus Disease 2019 Pandemic. JAMA Ophthalmol. 2021;139(3):352 PMID: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33475695 https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamaophthalmology/fullarticle/2775157 - ↑ Jump up to: 8.0 8.1 Henderson J Benzene Found in Multiple Hand Sanitizer Brands. Known human carcinogen can be absorbed through the skin. MedPage Today March 25, 2021 https://www.medpagetoday.com/special-reports/exclusives/91806
Valisure News. March 24, 2021 Valisure Detects Benzene in Hand Sanitizers. https://www.valisure.com/blog/valisure-news/valisure-detects-benzene-in-hand-sanitizers/