air travel

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Introduction

FiO2 in most commercial aircraft pressured cabins is similar to that an altitude of 6000-8500 feet.

Epidemiology

  • in-flight emergencies occur in 1 of every 604 flights[5][9]
    • physician passengers provided medical assistance in 48%
    • flights were diverted because of the emergency in 7% of cases[9]

Diagnostic procedures

Complications

Management

Notes

  • physicians should always carry a copy of their medical license when traveling for documentation by the airline if they assist in a medical emergency during a flight[9]
  • physicians are not obligated to assist during an in-flight medical emergency
  • in the United States, a bystander who assists in an emergency is generally protected by Good Samaritan laws[9]
  • for international airlines, laws where the airline is based generally apply
  • the Aviation Medical Assistance Act of 1998 protects people from being sued for negligence while providing medical assistance, unlessthe person is guilty of gross negligence or willful misconduct[9]
  • airRx is a free app that walks one through the most common inflight emergencies & what to consider doing[12]

Additional terms

References

  1. Mayo Internal Medicine Board Review, 1998-99, Prakash UBS (ed) Lippincott-Raven, Philadelphia, 1998, pg 764
  2. 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.5 2.6 2.7 Medical Knowledge Self Assessment Program (MKSAP) 11, 15, 16, 17, 19. American College of Physicians, Philadelphia 1998, 2009, 2012, 2015, 2022
  3. 3.0 3.1 Prescriber's Letter 11(2):8 2004 Detail-Document#: http://prescribersletter.com/(5bhgn1a4ni4cyp2tvybwfh55)/pl/ArticleDD.aspx?li=1&st=1&cs=&s=PRL&pt=3&fpt=25&dd=200203&pb=PRL (subscription needed) http://www.prescribersletter.com
  4. 4.0 4.1 Toff WD et al Effect of hypobaric hypoxia, simulating conditions during long-haul air travel, on coagulation, fibrinolysis, platelet function, and endothelial activation. JAMA. 2006 May 17;295(19):2251-61. PMID: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16705106
    Bartsch P. How thrombogenic is hypoxia? JAMA. 2006 May 17;295(19):2297-9. No abstract available. PMID: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16705111
  5. 5.0 5.1 Nable JV, Tupe CL, Gehle BD, Brady WJ. In-Flight Medical Emergencies during Commercial Travel. N Engl J Med 2015; 373:939-945. September 3, 2015 <PubMed> PMID: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26332548 <Internet> http://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJMra1409213
    Peterson DC, Martin-Gill C, Guyette FX et al Outcomes of Medical Emergencies on Commercial Airline Flights. N Engl J Med 2013; 368:2075-2083 PMID: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23718164 PMCID: PMC3740959 Free PMC article https://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/nejmoa1212052
  6. British Thoracic Society Standards of Care Committee. Managing passengers with respiratory disease planning air travel: British Thoracic Society recommendations. Thorax. 2002 Apr;57(4):289-304 PMID: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11923546 Free PMC Article
  7. Silverman D, Gendreau M. Medical issues associated with commercial flights. Lancet. 2009 Jun 13;373(9680):2067-77 PMID: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19232708
  8. 8.0 8.1 8.2 Schwamm LH, Jaff MR, Dyer KS, Gonzalez RG, Huck AE. CASE RECORDS of the MASSACHUSETTS GENERAL HOSPITAL. Case 13-2016. A 49-Year-Old Woman with Sudden Hemiplegia and Aphasia during a Transatlantic Flight. N Engl J Med. 2016 Apr 28;374(17):1671-80. <PubMed> PMID: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27119240 <Internet> http://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJMcpc1501151
  9. 9.0 9.1 9.2 9.3 9.4 9.5 9.6 9.7 Splete H Is There a Doctor on the Plane? Tips for Providing In-Flight Assistance. Medscape. Nov 15, 2022 https://www.medscape.com/viewarticle/984075
    American College of Emergency Physicians (ACEP) 2022 Scientific Assembly: Presented October 4, 2022.
  10. 10.0 10.1 Advisory Cicular. Emergency Medical Equipment. Jan 12, 2006 https://www.faa.gov/documentLibrary/media/Advisory_Circular/AC121-33B.pdf
  11. 11.0 11.1 11.2 Pombal R,Hosegood I, Powell D Risk of COVID-19 During Air Travel JAMA. 2020;324(17):1798 PMID: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33022035 https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/fullarticle/2771435
  12. 12.0 12.1 airRx. Available for a Apple Store. Designed for iPad. Runs on iPhone. https://apps.apple.com/us/app/airrx/id1031955544
  13. 13.0 13.1 13.2 Ellis R The Right Indoor Relative Humidity Could Ward Off COVID. Medscape. Nov 21, 2022 https://www.medscape.com/viewarticle/984415