balance disorder
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Introduction
(also see dizziness, falls, ataxia)
Etiology
- disturbance in the vestibular system
- peripheral
- saccular & semicircular canal dysfunction common with aging
- central
- peripheral
- disturbance in proprioception
- disturbance in vision
- musculoskeletal disorder
- muscle weakness
- pain associated with maintaining balance (arthritis)
- stroke[1] (especially imbalance without dizziness)
Clinical manifestations
- a sensation of dizziness or vertigo
- falling or a feeling of falling
- lightheadedness or feeling woozy
- visual blurring
- disorientation
- secondary manifestations
- nausea/vomiting
- diarrhea
- faintness
- changes in heart rate & blood pressure
- fear
- anxiety
- panic
- reactions to the symptoms of dizziness include
- fatigue
- depression
- decreased concentration
Laboratory
- no laboratory indicated prior to structured exercise program (see management)[3]
- also see dizziness, falls
Diagnostic procedures
Radiology
Complications
- see dizziness, falls
- balance disorders associated with an increased risk of all-cause, cardiovascular & cancer mortality[4]
Management
- patient may benefit from assistive device
- structured, supervised exercise program that includes balance training & resistance training to improve muscle strength
- see dizziness, falls
More general terms
Additional terms
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 Kerber KA, Brown DL, Lisabeth LD, Smith MA, Morgenstern LB Stroke among patients with dizziness, vertigo, and imbalance in the emergency department: a population-based study. Stroke. 2006 Oct;37(10):2484-7. Epub 2006 Aug 31. PMID: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16946161
- ↑ Geriatric Review Syllabus, 8th edition (GRS8) Durso SC and Sullivan GN (eds) American Geriatrics Society,
Geriatric Review Syllabus, 9th edition (GRS9) Medinal-Walpole A, Pacala JT, Porter JF (eds) American Geriatrics Society, 2016
Geriatric Review Syllabus, 11th edition (GRS11) Harper GM, Lyons WL, Potter JF (eds) American Geriatrics Society, 2022 - ↑ 3.0 3.1 Salzman B. Gait and balance disorders in older adults. Am Fam Physician. 2010 Jul 1;82(1):61-8. PMID: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20590073
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 Cao C, Cade WR, Li S et al Association of Balance Function With All-Cause and Cause-Specific Mortality Among US Adults. JAMA Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. Published online March 11, 2021 PMID: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33704356 PMCID: PMC7953337 (available on 2022-03-11) https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamaotolaryngology/fullarticle/2777174
- ↑ NIDCD Balance Disorder http://www.nidcd.nih.gov/health/balance/balance_disorders.asp
- ↑ NIDCD Balance, Dizziness and You http://www.nidcd.nih.gov/health/balance/baldizz.asp
- ↑ HIH Senior Health: Balance problems http://nihseniorhealth.gov/balanceproblems/toc.html