arsenic [As]

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Introduction

From the Greek arsenikon meaning yellow orniment (a powdered pigment). Arsenic compounds were mined by the ancient Chinese, Greeks & Egyptians. Arsenic was first isolated by Albertus Magnus, a German alchemist in 1250.

Occurrence

  • occasionally found as a free element
  • mostly found in minerals

Characteristics

Uses

Epidemiology

Pathology

Pharmacokinetics

  • arsenic is readily absorbed throught the lungs (in the form of arsine gas) or through the GI tract in the form of arsenic trioxide or organic arsenicals
  • absorbtion through the skin occurs slowly
  • within 24 hours, arsenic is distributed to all body tissues
  • the major route of excretion is through the kidneys
  • arsenic crosses the placenta

Laboratory

* rice absorbs ~10 times as much arsenic from the environment as other grains do[7]

More general terms

Additional terms

References

  1. Webster's Ninth New Collegiate Dictionary, Miriam- Webster Inc. Springfield, MA 1990
  2. Chemical & Engineering News, Sept 8, 2003
  3. Henry's Clinical Diagnosis & Management by Laboratory Methods, 21st edition, McPherson RA & Pincus MR (es), W.B. Saunders Co., Philadelphia, PA. 2007, pg 322
  4. 4.0 4.1 FDA News Release: July 12, 2013 FDA proposes "action level" for arsenic in apple juice. Agency testing and analysis confirm overall safety of apple juice. http://www.fda.gov/NewsEvents/Newsroom/PressAnnouncements/ucm360466.htm
  5. 5.0 5.1 FDA Explores Impact of Arsenic in Rice http://www.fda.gov/ForConsumers/ConsumerUpdates/ucm352569.htm
  6. 6.0 6.1 6.2 Moon KA et al Association Between Exposure to Low to Moderate Arsenic Levels and Incident Cardiovascular Disease: A Prospective Cohort Study. Ann Intern Med. Published online 24 September 2013 <PubMed> PMID: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24061511 <Internet> http://annals.org/article.aspx?articleid=1740759
  7. 7.0 7.1 7.2 7.3 Orciari Herman A. Sofair A, Chavey WE Inorganic Arsenic Still High in Infant Rice Cereals. Physician's First Watch, Dec 8, 2017 David G. Fairchild, MD, MPH, Editor-in-Chief Massachusetts Medical Society http://www.jwatch.org
    Arsenic in 9 Brands of Infant Cereal http://www.healthybabycereals.org/sites/default/files/2017-12/HBBF_ArsenicInInfantCerealReport_EnglishSummary.pdf