glycolytic pathway (glycolysis, Embden Myerhof pathway)
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Biochemistry
- glycolysis is the sequence of reactions that converts glucose into pyruvate with the concomitant production of ATP
- under aerobic conditions, pyruvate enters the mitochondria, where it is completely oxidized to carbon dioxide & water
- if the supply of oxygen is insufficient, pyruvate is converted to lactate
- glycolysis is essentially irreversible due to the irreversible reaction catalyzed by phosphofructokinase
- glucose is synthesized from pyruvate via gluconeogenesis
* see figure
- glycolytic pathway 1
- enzyme: phosphoglucomutase
- substrate: glucose-1-phosphate
- product: glucose-6-phosphate
- glycolytic pathway 2
- enzyme: hexokinase
- substrate: glucose + ATP
- product: glucose-6-phosphate + ADP
- glycolytic pathway 3
- enzyme: phosphohexose isomerase
- substrate: glucose-6-phosphate
- product: fructose-6-phosphate
- glycolytic pathway 4
- enzyme: phosphofructokinase
- substrate: fructose-6-phosphate + ATP
- product: fructose-1,6-diphosphate + ADP
- glycolytic pathway 5
- glycolytic pathway 6
- enzyme: triosephosphate isomerase
- substrate: dihydroxyacetone phosphate
- product: glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate)
- glycolytic pathway 7
- enzyme: glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase
- substrate: glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate + NAD+ + H2PO4-
- product: 1,3-diphosphoglycerate + NADH
- glycolytic pathway 8
- enzyme: phosphoglycerate kinase
- substrate: 1,3-diphosphoglycerate + ADP
- product: 3-phosphoglycerate + ATP
- glycolytic pathway 9
- enzyme: phosphoglycerate mutase
- substrate: 3-phosphoglycerate
- product: 2-phosphoglycerate)
- glycolytic pathway 10
- enzyme: enolase
- substrate: 2-phosphoglycerate
- product: phosphoenolpyruvate
- glycolytic pathway 11
- enzyme: pyruvate kinase
- substrate: phosphoenolpyruvate + ADP
- product: pyruvate + ATP
- glycolytic pathway 12
- enzyme: lactate-dehydrogenase
- substrate: pyruvate
- product: lactate