labor & delivery
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Introduction
Giving birth after gestation.
Management
avoid elective cessarean section[3]
- cervical dilation of 6 cm should be considered the start of active labor (previously 4 cm)
- multiparous women should be allowed to push for 2 hours, nulliparous women for 3 hours before arrest of labor is diagnosed
- longer durations are acceptable, epecially with epidural abesthesia
- vaginal delivery with vacuum or forceps in the second stage is an alternative to cesarean delivery[3]
- low-intervention techniques for low risk women[4]
- use hand-held Doppler devices for intermittent auscultation[4]
- lying-down position is more conducive to spontaneous vaginal delivery than the upright position in women with low spinal epidural anesthesia[5]
More general terms
More specific terms
Additional terms
- birth (childbirth, parturition)
- cesarean section (C-section)
- complications of labor & delivery
- perinatal
References
- ↑ Dorland's Medical Dictionary, 23rd ed., WB Saunders, Philadelphia, 1990
- ↑ Bloom SL, Casey BM, Schaffer JI, McIntire DD, Leveno KJ. A randomized trial of coached versus uncoached maternal pushing during the second stage of labor. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2006 Jan;194(1):10-3. PMID: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16389004
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists (ACOG) Safe Prevention of the Primary Cesarean Delivery Obstetric Care Consensus. Number 1, March 2014 http://www.acog.org/Resources_And_Publications/Obstetric_Care_Consensus_Series/Safe_Prevention_of_the_Primary_Cesarean_Delivery
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 4.2 American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists (ACOG) Approaches to Limit Intervention During Labor and Birth Committee Opinion. Feb 2017 http://www.acog.org/Resources-And-Publications/Committee-Opinions/Committee-on-Obstetric-Practice/Approaches-to-Limit-Intervention-During-Labor-and-Birth
- ↑ 5.0 5.1 The Epidural and Position Trial Collaborative Group. Upright versus lying down position in second stage of labour in nulliparous women with low dose epidural: BUMPES randomised controlled trial. BMJ 2017 Oct 18; 359:j4471 PMID: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29046273 Free PMC Article
- ↑ Cahill AG, Srinivas SK, Tita ATN et al. Effect of immediate vs delayed pushing on rates of spontaneous vaginal delivery among nulliparous women receiving neuraxial analgesia: A randomized clinical trial. JAMA 2018 Oct 9; 320:1444. PMID: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30304425 Sperling JD, Gossett DR. Immediate vs delayed pushing during the second stage of labor. JAMA 2018 Oct 9; 320:1439 PMID: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30304414