vaginal delivery

^[1]^[2]^[3]^[4]

Procedure

delivery of a fetus from the uterus, through the cervix & out the vaginal orifice.
in assisted vaginal delivery, forceps appears to protect the baby at the expense of the maternal vagina.^[2]
neonatal morbidity is associated with vacuum delivery^[2]
warm compresses applied to the perineum during pushing^[4]
a single dose of antibiotics is recommended during repair of obstetric anal sphincter injuries^[4]
restrictive use of episiotomy^[4]
- mediolateral episiotomy is generally preferred over midline episiotomy
hemostatic 1st-degree lacerations or perineal skin of 2nd-degree lacerations may be repaired with standard suture or adhesive glue
for 2nd-degree lacerations, continuous suturing is preferred over interrupted suturing^[4]

↑ Stedman's Medical Dictionary 27th ed, Williams & Wilkins, Baltimore, 1999.
↑ ^2.0 ^2.1 ^2.2 Caughey AB et al, Forceps compared with vacuum. Rates of neonatal an maternal morbidity. Obset Gyncecol. 2005; 106:908 PMID: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16260505
↑ NIH Consensus Development Conference on Vaginal Birth After Cesarean: New Insights. March 8-10, 2010 http://consensus.nih.gov/2010/vbac.htm
↑ ^4.0 ^4.1 ^4.2 ^4.3 ^4.4 Young K, Sofair A, Chavey WE Obstetricians Group Continues to Recommend Restrictive Use of Episiotomy Physician's First Watch, June 24, 2016 David G. Fairchild, MD, MPH, Editor-in-Chief Massachusetts Medical Society http://www.jwatch.org