oral cancer (oropharyngeal cancer)
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Etiology
- most are related to alcohol &/or tobacco
- HPV-16 infection may be associated with oropharyngeal squamous-cell carcinoma[4]
- tobacco use is associated with increased risk of HPV-16 infection[4]
- dental trauma is suggested as a cause in non-smokers[5]
- inflammatory bowel disease increases risk of oral cancer 9-12 fold[8]
Epidemiology
- 9th most common cancers in US
Pathology
- vast majority are squamous cell carcinomas
- most frequently found on the edge of the tongue[5]
- salivary gland neoplasms
- lymphomas
- Kaposi sarcoma
- mucosal melanoma (rare)
Genetics
Differential diagnosis
-
Management
Follow-up:
- direct physical examination +/- laryngoscopy[1]
Screening:
- not enough evidence to recommend screening for oral cancer in primary care[2]
- does not apply to dentists or otolaryngologists[2]
More general terms
More specific terms
Additional terms
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 Medical Knowledge Self Assessment Program (MKSAP) 15, 16, 17, 18, 19. American College of Physicians, Philadelphia 2009, 2012, 2015, 2018, 2021.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 U.S. Preventive Services Task Force Screening for Oral Cancer: U.S. Preventive Services Task Force Recommendation Statement. DRAFT. Summary of Recommendation and Evidence http://www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/draftrec2.htm
Moyer VA et al Screening for Oral Cancer: U.S. Preventive Services Task Force Recommendation Statement. Ann Intern Med. Published online 26 November 2013 <PubMed> PMID: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24276469 <Internet> http://annals.org/article.aspx?articleid=1783292 - ↑ Szabo E. Assessing efficacy in early-phase cancer prevention trials: the case of oral premalignancy. Cancer Prev Res (Phila). 2008 Oct;1(5):312-5. PMID: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19138975
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 4.2 Fakhry C et al Tobacco Use and Oral HPV-16 Infection. JAMA. 2014;312(14):1465-1467 <PubMed> PMID: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25291584 <Internet> http://jama.jamanetwork.com/article.aspx?articleid=1911314
- ↑ 5.0 5.1 5.2 Perry BJ et al Sites of Origin of Oral Cavity Cancer in Nonsmokers vs Smokers. Possible Evidence of Dental Trauma Carcinogenesis and Its Importance Compared With Human Papillomavirus. JAMA Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. November 06, 2014 <PubMed> PMID: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25375930 <Internet> http://archotol.jamanetwork.com/article.aspx?articleid=1921367
- ↑ Chaturvedi AK, Engels EA, Pfeiffer RM et al Human papillomavirus and rising oropharyngeal cancer incidence in the United States. J Clin Oncol. 2011 Nov 10;29(32):4294-301. PMID: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21969503
- ↑ Gunn GB, Frank SJ. Advances in radiation oncology for the management of oropharyngeal tumors. Otolaryngol Clin North Am. 2013 Aug;46(4):629-43 PMID: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23910474
- ↑ 8.0 8.1 Katsanos KH et al. Increased risk of oral cancer in patients with inflammatory bowel diseases. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol 2015 Oct 20; S1542-3565(15)01417-2 PMID: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26499929
- ↑ Chaturvedi P, Singh A, Chien C-Y et al. Tobacco related oral cancer. BMJ. 2019;365:l2142. PMID: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31167798 https://www.bmj.com/content/365/bmj.l2142
- ↑ National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research Oral Cancer https://www.nidcr.nih.gov/health-info/oral-cancer