anterior cerebral artery syndrome
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Etiology
- occlusion of the anterior cerebral artery (ACA)
Pathology
- may affect medial aspects of frontal lobe & parietal lobe, basal ganglia, anterior fornix & anterior corpus callosum
- blockages to the proximal (A1) segment of the ACA produce only minor deficits due to the collateral blood flow from the opposite hemisphere via the anterior communicating artery; occlusions distal to this segment will result in more severe effects
Clinical manifestations
- hemiparesis or hemiplegia contralaterally, involving primarily the lower limbs and pelvic floor musculature
- sensory deficits contralaterally, involving primarily the leg & perineum
- apraxia (due to branches to the supplementary motor area & corpus callosum)
- disconnection syndrome (due to callosal branches)
- anosmia (due to branches of the olfactory bulb & olfactory tract)
- urinary incontinence
- grasp reflex & or sucking reflex contralaterally (if circle of Willis compromised)
Laboratory
- see ischemic stroke
Radiology
- see ischemic stroke
Management
- see ischemic stroke
More general terms
Additional terms
References
- ↑ Wikipedia: Anterior cerebral artery syndrome http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anterior_cerebral_artery_syndrome
- ↑ Moncayo-Gaete J et al Anterior cerebral artery stroke syndromes http://www.medlink.com/medlinkcontent.asp
- ↑ Critchley M Syndromes of the Anterior Cerebral Artery Proc R Soc Med. 1930 March; 23(5): 630-632. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2181836/