pre-exposure HIV prophylaxis

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Indications

Contraindications

Benefit/risk

Laboratory

Complications

Management

* general HIV precautions

Notes

More general terms

Additional terms

References

  1. Jump up to: 1.0 1.1 1.2 Grant RM et al. Preexposure chemoprophylaxis for HIV prevention in men who have sex with men. N Engl J Med 2010 Nov 23; <PubMed> PMID: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21091279 <Internet> http://dx.doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa1011205
    Michael NL. Oral preexposure prophylaxis for HIV - Another arrow in the quiver? N Engl J Med 2010 Nov 23; <PubMed> PMID: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21091280 <Internet> http://dx.doi.org/10.1056/NEJMe1012929
    Prescriber's Letter 18(1): 2011 Truvada for Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis of HIV Infection Detail-Document#: http://prescribersletter.com/(5bhgn1a4ni4cyp2tvybwfh55)/pl/ArticleDD.aspx?li=1&st=1&cs=&s=PRL&pt=3&fpt=25&dd=270106&pb=PRL (subscription needed) http://www.prescribersletter.com
    Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) Interim Guidance: Preexposure Prophylaxis for the Prevention of HIV Infection in Men Who Have Sex with Men Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report (MMWR) January 28, 2011 / 60(03);65-68 <PubMed> PMID: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21270743 <Internet> http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm6003a1.htm
  2. Jump up to: 2.0 2.1 2.2 FHI statement on the FEM-PrEP HIV prevention study [press release]. Durham, NC: Family Health International; Apr 18 , 2011 http://www.fhi.org/en/AboutFHI/Media/Releases/FEM-PrEP_statement041811.htm
  3. Baeten JM et al. Antiretroviral prophylaxis for HIV prevention in heterosexual men and women. N Engl J Med 2012 Jul 11 PMID: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22784037
    Thigpen MC et al. Antiretroviral preexposure prophylaxis for heterosexual HIV transmission in Botswana. N Engl J Med 2012 Jul 11; PMID: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22784038
    Van Damme L et al. Preexposure prophylaxis for HIV infection among African women. N Engl J Med 2012 Jul 11 PMID: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22784040
  4. Jump up to: 4.0 4.1 4.2 4.3 Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Interim Guidance for Clinicians Considering the Use of Preexposure Prophylaxis for the Prevention of HIV Infection in Heterosexually Active Adults MMWR. August 10, 2012 / 61(31);586-589 http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm6131a2.htm
  5. Jump up to: 5.0 5.1 Choopanya K et al Antiretroviral prophylaxis for HIV infection in injecting drug users in Bangkok, Thailand (the Bangkok Tenofovir Study): a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled phase 3 trial. The Lancet, Volume 381(9883), Pages 2083-2090, 15 June 2013 <PubMed> PMID: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23769234 <Internet> http://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS0140-6736(13)61127-7/fulltext
    Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) Update to Interim Guidance for Preexposure Prophylaxis (PrEP) for the Prevention of HIV Infection: PrEP for Injecting Drug Users. MMWR. June 14, 2013 / 62(23);463-465 https://mail.google.com/mail/u/0/?shva=1#inbox/13f425db09d8dfc1
  6. Jump up to: 6.0 6.1 6.2 6.3 US Public Health Service Preexposure prophylaxis for the prevention of HIV infection in the United States - 2014 http://www.cdc.gov/hiv/pdf/prepguidelines2014.pdf
  7. Jump up to: 7.0 7.1 Celum C et al Daily Oral Tenofovir and Emtricitabine - Tenofovir Preexposure Prophylaxis Reduces Herpes Simplex Virus Type 2 Acquisition Among Heterosexual HIV- - Uninfected Men and Women: A Subgroup Analysis of a Randomized Trial. Ann Intern Med. 2014;161(1):11-19 <PubMed> PMID: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24979446 <Internet> http://annals.org/article.aspx?articleid=1884529
  8. Jump up to: 8.0 8.1 8.2 Marrazzo JM et al HIV Prevention in Clinical Care Settings. 2014 Recommendations of the International Antiviral Society - USA Panel JAMA. 2014;312(4):390-409 <PubMed> PMID: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25038358 <Internet> http://jama.jamanetwork.com/article.aspx?articleid=1889145
    Mathers BM and Cooper DA Integrating HIV Prevention Into Practice. JAMA. 2014;312(4):349-350 <PubMed> PMID: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25038352 <Internet> http://jama.jamanetwork.com/article.aspx?articleid=1889112
  9. Jump up to: 9.0 9.1 Marrazzo JM et al. Tenofovir-based preexposure prophylaxis for HIV infection among African women. N Engl J Med 2015 Feb 5; 372:509 <PubMed> PMID: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25651245 <Internet> http://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJMoa1402269
  10. Jump up to: 10.0 10.1 10.2 McCormack S et al Pre-exposure prophylaxis to prevent the acquisition of HIV-1 infection (PROUD): effectiveness results from the pilot phase of a pragmatic open-label randomised trial. Lancet. Published Online: 09 September 2015 <PubMed> PMID: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26364263 <Internet> http://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS0140-6736%2815%2900056-2/abstract
  11. Jump up to: 11.0 11.1 Molina JM et al On-Demand Preexposure Prophylaxis in Men at High Risk for HIV-1 Infection. N Engl J Med 2015 Dec 3; 373:2237 <PubMed> PMID: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26624850 <Internet> http://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJMoa1506273
    Fauci AS, Marston HD Ending the HIV-AIDS Pandemic - Follow the Science. N Engl J Med. December 1, 2015 <PubMed> PMID: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26624554 <Internet> http://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJMp1502020
    Frieden TR et al Applying Public Health Principles to the HIV Epidemic - How Are We Doing? N Engl J Med. December 1, 2015 <PubMed> PMID: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26624243 <Internet> http://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJMms1513641
  12. Jump up to: 12.0 12.1 Medical Knowledge Self Assessment Program (MKSAP) 17, 18, 19. American College of Physicians, Philadelphia 2015, 2018, 2021.
  13. Jump up to: 13.0 13.1 Bernard CL, Brandeau ML, Humphreys K et al Cost-Effectiveness of HIV Preexposure Prophylaxis for People Who Inject Drugs in the United States. Ann Intern Med. Published online 26 April 2016 <PubMed> PMID: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27110953 <Internet> http://annals.org/article.aspx?articleid=2517406
    Walensky RP Investing in People Who Inject Drugs: A PrEPonderance of Opportunities. Ann Intern Med. Published online 26 April 2016 <PubMed> PMID: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27111241 <Internet> http://annals.org/article.aspx?articleid=2517408
  14. Jump up to: 14.0 14.1 14.2 Gunthard HF et al Antiretroviral Drugs for Treatment and Prevention of HIV Infection in Adults. 2016 Recommendations of the International Antiviral Society. JAMA. 2016;316(2):191- <PubMed> PMID: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27404187 <Internet> http://jama.jamanetwork.com/article.aspx?articleid=2533073
    Mayer KH, Krakower DS. Antiretrovirals for HIV Treatment and Prevention: The Challenges of Success. JAMA. 2016 Jul 12;316(2):151-153. <PubMed> PMID: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27404182 <Internet> http://jama.jamanetwork.com/article.aspx?articleid=2533044
  15. Riddell J 4th, Amico KR, Mayer KH. HIV Preexposure Prophylaxis. A Review. JAMA. 2018;319(12):1261-1268 PMID: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29584848 https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/article-abstract/2676116
  16. Jump up to: 16.0 16.1 Holt M, Lea T, Mao L et al Community-level changes in condom use and uptake of HIV pre- exposure prophylaxis by gay and bisexual men in Melbourne and Sydney, Australia: results of repeated behavioural surveillance in 2013-17. Lancet HIV. June 6, 2018 PMID: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29885813 https://www.thelancet.com/journals/lanhiv/article/PIIS2352-3018(18)30072-9/fulltext
    Phanuphak N, Phanuphak P Time to focus more on condomless anal sex in non-PrEP users. Lancet HIV. June 6, 2018 PMID: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29885814 https://www.thelancet.com/journals/lanhiv/article/PIIS2352-3018(18)30100-0/fulltext
  17. Jump up to: 17.0 17.1 Delaugerre C, Rodriguez C, Capitant C et al. Drug resistance among patients who acquired HIV infection in a PrEP trial. AIDS 2018 Aug 8; PMID: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30096070
  18. Jump up to: 18.0 18.1 Grulich AE, Guy R, Amin J et al Population-level effectiveness of rapid, targeted, high-coverage roll-out of HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis in men who have sex with men: the EPIC-NSW prospective cohort study. The Lancet HIV. Oct 17, 2018 PMID: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30343026 https://www.thelancet.com/journals/lanhiv/article/PIIS2352-3018(18)30215-7/fulltext
    McCormack S. What happens when PrEP is scaled up? Results from EPIC-NSW. The Lancet HIV. Oct 17, 2018 PMID: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30343027 https://www.thelancet.com/journals/lanhiv/article/PIIS2352-3018(18)30253-4/fulltext
  19. Jump up to: 19.0 19.1 Huang YA, Zhu W, Smith DK, Harris N, Hoover KW. HIV Preexposure Prophylaxis, by Race and Ethnicity - United States, 2014-2016. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 2018;67:1147-1150 https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/volumes/67/wr/mm6741a3.htm
  20. US Preventive Services Task Force Preexposure Prophylaxis for the Prevention of HIV Infection: US Preventive Services Task Force Recommendation Statement. JAMA. 2019 Jun 11;321(22):2203-2213. PMID: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31184747 https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/fullarticle/2735509
    Chou R, Evans C, Hoverman A et al Preexposure Prophylaxis for the Prevention of HIV Infection: Evidence Report and Systematic Review for the US Preventive Services Task Force. JAMA. 2019 Jun 11;321(22):2214-2230. PMID: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31184746 https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/fullarticle/2735508
    US Preventive Services Task Force Preexposure Prophylaxis to Prevent Acquisition of HIV. US Preventive Services Task Force Recommendation Statement. JAMA. 2023;330(8):736-745 PMID: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37606666 https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/fullarticle/2808514
  21. Traeger MW, Cornelisse VJ, Asselin J et al Association of HIV Preexposure Prophylaxis With Incidence of Sexually Transmitted Infections Among Individuals at High Risk of HIV Infection. JAMA. 2019;321(14):1380-1390 PMID: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30964528 https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/fullarticle/2730113
    Gandhi M, Spinelli MA, Mayer KH. Addressing the Sexually Transmitted Infection and HIV Syndemic. JAMA. 2019;321(14):1356-1358 PMID: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30964514 https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/fullarticle/2730096
  22. Jump up to: 22.0 22.1 Associated Press. Oct 7, 2019 California OKs pharmacists to dispense HIV prevention meds. https://www.apnews.com/a1491134e0c242bc95ef36ed0a9fa95e
  23. FDA News Release. Oct 3, 2019 FDA approves second drug to prevent HIV infection as part of ongoing efforts to end the HIV epidemic. https://www.fda.gov/news-events/press-announcements/fda-approves-second-drug-prevent-hiv-infection-part-ongoing-efforts-end-hiv-epidemic
  24. Jump up to: 24.0 24.1 Walensky RP, Horn T, McCann NC, Freedberg KA, Paltiel AD. Comparative pricing of branded tenofovir alafenamide-emtricitabine relative to generic tenofovir disoproxil fumarate-emtricitabine for HIV preexposure prophylaxis: A cost-effectiveness analysis. Ann Intern Med 2020 Mar 9; PMID: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32150602 https://annals.org/aim/article-abstract/2762726/comparative-pricing-branded-tenofovir-alafenamide-emtricitabine-relative-generic-tenofovir-disoproxil
    del Rio C, Armstrong WS. How much are we willing to pay for preexposure prophylaxis in the United States? Ann Intern Med 2020 Mar 9; PMID: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32150617 https://annals.org/aim/article-abstract/2762809/how-much-we-willing-pay-preexposure-prophylaxis-united-states
  25. Saag MS, Gandhi RT, Hoy JF, et al Antiretroviral Drugs for Treatment and Prevention of HIV Infection in Adults. 2020 Recommendations of the International Antiviral Society-USA Panel. JAMA. Published online October 14, 2020 PMID: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33052386 https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/fullarticle/2771873
    Gandhi RT, Bedimo R, Hoy JF et al Antiretroviral Drugs for Treatment and Prevention of HIV Infection in Adults. 2022 Recommendations of the International Antiviral Society - USA Panel. JAMA. Published online December 1, 2022. PMID: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36454551 https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/fullarticle/2799240
  26. US Preventive Services Task Force Preexposure Prophylaxis to Prevent Acquisition of HIV: US Preventive Services Task Force Recommendation Statement. JAMA. 2023;330(8):736-745 PMID: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37606666 https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/fullarticle/2808514
    Chou R, Spencer H, Bougatsos C, Blazina I, Ahmed A, Selph S. Preexposure Prophylaxis for the Prevention of HIV: Updated Evidence Report and Systematic Review for the US Preventive Services Task Force. JAMA. 2023;330(8):746-763 PMID: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37606667 https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/fullarticle/2808515
  27. Jump up to: 27.0 27.1 NEJM Knowledge+

Patient information

pre-exposure HIV prophylaxis patient information