tic disorder
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Etiology
Genetics
- may be family history
Clinical manifestations
- a local & habitual twitching (repetitive tic), especially in the face
- phonic tic such as cough
- complex tics such as finger tapping
- tics are suppressible (at least temporarily)[3]
- may provide transient relief of uncomfortable senstations[3]
Differential diagnosis
Management
- treat comorbidities
- no intervention indicated unless social, occupational, or scholastic function is impaired[2]
- cognitive behavioral therapy first line treatment[6]
- centrally-acting alpha-agonist first line pharmaceutical
- dopamine receptor antagonist for disabling or disruptive tics
- pimozide
- haloperidol[3]
- more effective than clonidine but reserved for second line therapy due to risk of tardive dyskinesia[3]
- guanfacine ineffective[5]
- deep brain stimulation in severe cases[6]
More general terms
More specific terms
Additional terms
References
- ↑ The free dictionary http://freedictionary.org
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 Tic disorder. From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tic_disorder
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4 3.5 3.6 Medical Knowledge Self Assessment Program (MKSAP) 16, 17, 18, 19. American College of Physicians, Philadelphia 2012, 2015, 2018 2021.
- ↑ Jankovic J. Differential diagnosis and etiology of tics. Adv Neurol. 2001;85:15-29. PMID: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11530424
- ↑ 5.0 5.1 Murphy TK et al. Extended-release guanfacine does not show a large effect on tic severity in children with chronic tic disorders. J Child Adolesc Psychopharmacol 2017 Jul 19 PMID: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28723227
- ↑ 6.0 6.1 6.2 Pringsheim T, Okun MS, Muller-Vahl K et al Practice guideline recommendations summary: Treatment of tics in people with Tourette syndrome and chronic tic disorders. Neurology. May 07, 2019; 92 (19) Special Article PMID: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31061208 https://n.neurology.org/content/92/19/896
Pringsheim T, Holler-Managan Y, Okun MS et al May 07, 2019; 92 (19) Special Article Comprehensive systematic review summary: Treatment of tics in people with Tourette syndrome and chronic tic disorders. Neurology. May 07, 2019; 92 (19) Special Article PMID: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31061209 https://n.neurology.org/content/92/19/907