cephalothin (Keflin)
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Introduction
Tradename: Keflin. 1st generation cephalosporin.
Indications
- treatment of bacterial infections due to susceptible organisms
- prophylaxis for perioperative infection
Dosage
Children: 100 mg/kg/day.
Pharmacokinetics
- 22-32% metabolized to desacetyl derivative (20% as active as parent compound)
- desacetyl metabolite accumulates with parent compund in renal failure
elimination via kidney
1/2life = 0.5-1 hours
protein binding = 65 %
elimination by hemodialysis = +
elimination by peritoneal dialysis = +
Antimicrobial activity
- Neisseria gonorrhoeae
- Moraxella catarrhalis
- Haemophilus influenzae
- Escherichia coli
- Klebsiella species
- Salmonella
- Shigella
- Proteus mirabilis
- Haemophilus ducreyi
Adverse effects
- hypertensive reaction
- hypersentive intersititial nephritis
- increased ALT
- hematologic
- abnormal platelet aggregration, thrombocytopenia, granulocytopenia, hemolytic anemia
- diarrhea
Test interactions
- positive direct Coomb's test
- may interfere with Jaffe reaction for creatinine determination
Laboratory
- specimen:
- serum
- keep specimen on ice-water
- centrifuge at 4 degrees C
- remove cells as soon as possible
- freeze at -70 degrees C until assayed
- methods: HPLC, MB