chordin-like protein 2 (chordin-related protein 2, breast tumor novel factor 1, BNF-1, CHRDL2, BNF1, CHL2, UNQ765/PRO1557)
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Function
- may inhibits BMPs activity by blocking their interaction with their receptors
- negative regulator effect on cartilage formation/regeneration from immature mesenchymal cells, by preventing or diminidhing the rate of matrix accumulation
- role during myoblast & osteoblast differentiation, & maturation
- interacts with GDF5
- may interact with BMP2, BMP4, BMP5, BMP6, BMP7 & INHBA
Structure
- contains 3 VWFC domains
Compartment
Alternative splicing
named isoforms=5 5 additional mRNAs also exist
Expression
- expressed in uterus > heart, liver, prostate, testis, ovary > skeletal muscle, kidney, spleen, small intestine, colon
- expressed in the secretory epithelial cells of uterine endometrium, fallopian tubes, endocervical glands, bladder & prostate
- expressed in transitional epithelium of urinary bladder
- expressed in bone osteoblasts (at protein level)
- differential expression of isoforms observed during myoblast & osteoblast differentiation & maturation
- in normal cartilage, expression is confined in a few chondrocytes in the superficial zone as well as in the middle zone
- isoform 1 & 2 are expressed in fetal cerebellum & heart
- only isoform 2 is detected in fetal spleen
Pathology
- role in tumor angiogenesis
- in diseased cartilage coming from osteoarthritic patients, expression was limited to the middle zone of chondrocytes
- up-regulated in breast cancer, lung cancer & colon cancer