mediastinal neoplasm
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Etiology
- anterior compartment
- more than 50% of mediastinal tumors are located in the anterior compartment
- thymoma (most common)
- lymphoma
- germ cell tumors, teratoma
- thyroid neoplasm
- middle compartment*
- cystic neoplasms
- metastatic tumors (25%)
- lymphadenopathy is the most common cause of middle mediastinal mass[2]
- posterior compartment
- 25% of mediastinal tumors
- nerve sheath tumors (70%)
- schwannoma (neurilemoma) most common in adults
- neurofibroma
- esophageal neoplasm or cyst
- malignant neoplasms are uncommon in the posterior mediastinum (< 4%)
* lymphadenopathy is the most common mass in medial mediastinum secondary to lymphoma, sarcoid or metastatic malignancy
Epidemiology
- 30% of mediastinal masses are malignant neoplasms
Clinical manifestations
- may be asymptomatic
- cough
- venous distension
- hoarseness
- back pain
- chest pain
Radiology
Differential diagnosis
- anterior compartment
Management
- surgical removal if symptomatic or diagnosis in question[2]
More general terms
More specific terms
Additional terms
- germ cell neoplasm
- lung cancer
- lymphoma (lymphosarcoma)
- mediastinum
- neurofibroma
- schwannoma (neurilemoma, neurinoma)
- thymoma
References
- ↑ Mayo Internal Medicine Board Review, 1998-99, Prakash UBS (ed) Lippincott-Raven, Philadelphia, 1998, pg 774
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 Medical Knowledge Self Assessment Program (MKSAP) 15, 16, 17, 18, 19. American College of Physicians, Philadelphia 2009, 2012, 2015, 2018, 2022.
Medical Knowledge Self Assessment Program (MKSAP) 19 Board Basics. An Enhancement to MKSAP19. American College of Physicians, Philadelphia 2022 - ↑ Duwe BV, Sterman DH, Musani AI Tumors of the mediastinum. Chest. 2005 Oct;128(4):2893-909. PMID: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16236967
- ↑ Ponce FA, Killory BD, Wait SD et al Endoscopic resection of intrathoracic tumors: experience with and long-term results for 26 patients. J Neurosurg Spine. 2011 Mar;14(3):377-81 PMID: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21250809
- ↑ Takahashi K, Al-Janabi NJ. Computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging of mediastinal tumors. J Magn Reson Imaging. 2010 Dec;32(6):1325-39. Review. PMID: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21105138
- ↑ Strollo DC, Rosado de Christenson ML, Jett JR. Primary mediastinal tumors. Part 1: tumors of the anterior mediastinum. Chest. 1997 Aug;112(2):511-22. Review. PMID: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9266892