thyroid neoplasm (nodule)
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Pathology
- most single thyroid nodules are benign
- a few are carcinomas*
- 10-20% of 'cold' nodules may be malignant, but < 1% of 'hot' nodules are malignant.
* factors increasing the likelihood of carcinoma are:
- cervical lymphadenopathy
- prior radiation
- family history of medullary thyroid carcinoma
- family history of MEN 2A or MEN 2B
- hard, fixed nodule
- rapid growth
- vocal cord paralysis
Genetics
- implicated genes (see thyroid cancer & more-specific type) hemogen
Diagnostic procedures
- fine needle aspiration ("cold" nodules)
Radiology
- ultrasound for sizing & to detect cystic component
- radioactive iodine uptake (RAIU) test to confirm thyroid functional state
Management
- fine needle aspiration is indicated for all "cold" nodules
More general terms
More specific terms
- anaplastic thyroid carcinoma
- benign thyroid neoplasm
- follicular thyroid adenoma
- oncocytic thyroid adenoma; Hurthle cell adenoma
- papillary thyroid adenoma
- primary thyroid lymphoma
- thyroid adenoma
- thyroid carcinoma