retrotransposon-derived protein PEG10 (paternally expressed gene 10 protein, retrotransposon-derived gag-like polyprotein, embryonal carcinoma differentiation-regulated protein, mammalian retrotransposon-derived protein 2, myelin expression factor 3-like protein 1, MEF3-like protein 1, retrotransposon gag domain-containing protein 3, Ty3/Gypsy-like protein, PEG10, EDR, KIAA1051, MAR2, MART2, MEF3L1, RGAG3)
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Function
- inhibits apoptosis through interaction with SIAH1, a mediator of apoptosis
- may also have a role in cell growth promotion
- inhibits the TGF-beta signaling by interacting with the TGF-beta receptor ALK1
- when overexpressed, induces formation of cellular extension, such as filipodia in association with ALK1
- involved at the immediate early stage of adipocyte differentiation (putative)
- may bind to the 5'-GCCTGTCTTT-3' DNA sequence of the MB1 domain in the myelin basic protein (MBP) promoter
- interacts with ALK1, SIAH1 & SIAH2
- isoform RF1/RF2 undergoes proteolytic cleavage
Structure
contains 1 CCHC-type Zn+2 finger
Compartment
- nucleus, cytoplasm
- detected predominantly in the cytoplasm of carcinomas
- colocalized with ALK1 ribosomal frameshifting; Named isoforms=2
Expression
- expressed in the cytotrophoblast layer but not in the overlying syncytiotrophoblast of the placenta
- expressed in brain, liver, spleen, kidney, thymus, lung, ovary, testis, reactive lymph node, skeletal muscle, adipose tissue & placenta
- expressed in placenta during the first trimester of gestation (at protein level)
- in placenta, down- regulated at early hypoxic phase, & highly activated at 11-12 week of gestation
- up-regulated by MYC & dihydrotestosterone (DHT)
Pathology
- expressed in pancreatic cancer & hepatocellular carcinoma
- may have a role in hepatoma formation
- prevents apoptosis in hepatocellular carcinoma cells through interaction with SIAH1
- expressed in prostate cancers & breast carcinomas but not in normal breast & prostate epithelial cells