hepcidin antimicrobial peptide; liver-expressed antimicrobial peptide; LEAP-1; putative liver tumor regressor; PLTR [Contains: Hepcidin-25 (Hepc25); Hepcidin-20 (Hepc20)] (HAMP, HEPC, LEAP1, UNQ487/PRO1003)
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Function
- signaling molecule involved in maintenance of iron homeostasis
- in conjunction with HFE, regulates both
- intestinal iron absorption
- iron storage in macrophages
- inhibits ferroportin, iron export protein (transporter) in plasma membrane of enterocytes & hepatocytes thus inhibiting both iron absorption by enterocytes & iron release by hepatocytes
- antimicrobial activity
- E. coli > S. epidermidis, S.aureus & group B streptococcus
- active against fungus C. albicans
- No activity against P. aeruginosa
Compartment
secreted, secreted into the urine
Expression
- highest expression in liver & to a lesser extent in heart, brain
- low levels in lung, tonsils, salivary gland, trachea, prostate gland, adrenal gland, thyroid gland
- secreted into the plasma & urine
- low plasma iron &/or low iron stores inhibit release of hepcidin into plasma
Pathology
- defects in HAMP are the cause of hemochromatosis type 2B
- hepcidin is released from the liver in response to IL6, thus contributing to diminished iron transport during anemia of chronic inflammation
- increased plasma hepcidin levels in older patients may be associated with anemia of chronic inflammation[6]
Pharmacology
- targeting hepcidin-ferroportin interaction may provide a strategy to treat anemia of chronic disease[7]
Laboratory
More general terms
References
- ↑ UniProt http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/P81172.html
- ↑ GeneReviews https://www.genecards.org/cgi-bin/carddisp.pl?gene=HAMP
- ↑ Medical Knowledge Self Assessment Program (MKSAP) 16, American College of Physicians, Philadelphia 2012
- ↑ Babitt JL, Lin HY Molecular mechanisms of hepcidin regulation: implications for the anemia of CKD. Am J Kidney Dis. 2010 Apr;55(4):726-41 PMID: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20189278
- ↑ Nemeth E, Ganz T. The role of hepcidin in iron metabolism. Acta Haematol. 2009;122(2-3):78-86 PMID: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19907144
Nemeth E, Tuttle MS, Powelson J, Vaughn MB et al Hepcidin regulates cellular iron efflux by binding to ferroportin and inducing its internalization. Science. 2004 Dec 17;306(5704):2090-3. Epub 2004 Oct 28. PMID: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15514116 - ↑ 6.0 6.1 Ferrucci L, Semba RD, Guralnik JM et al Proinflammatory state, hepcidin, and anemia in older persons. Blood. 2010 May 6;115(18):3810-6. PMID: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20081092
- ↑ 7.0 7.1 Sun CC, Vaja V, Babitt JL, Lin HY. Targeting the hepcidin-ferroportin axis to develop new treatment strategies for anemia of chronic disease and anemia of inflammation. Am J Hematol. 2012 Apr;87(4):392-400. Review. PMID: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22290531