gamma-synuclein; persyn; breast cancer-specific gene 1 protein; synoretin; SR (SNCG, BCSG1, PERSYN PRSN)

Function

• role in neurofilament network integrity
• may be involved in modulating axonal architecture during development & in the adult
• in vitro, increases susceptibility of neurofilament-H to Ca+2-dependent proteases (putative)
• may also function in modulating the keratin network in skin
• activates the MAPK & Elk-1 signal transduction pathway
• phosphorylation by GRK5 appears to occur on residues distinct from the residue phosphorylated by other kinases
• may be a centrosome-associated protein

Structure

belongs to the synuclein family

Compartment

• cytoplasm, perinuclear region, centrosome spindle
• associated with centrosomes in several interphase cells
• in mitotic cells, localized to the poles of the spindle
• present throughout nerve cell in contrast to alpha-synuclein & beta-synucleins which concentrate in nerve terminals

Expression

• high levels of mRNA found in brain particularly substantia nigra
• also expressed in corpus callosum, heart, skeletal muscle, ovary, testis, colon & spleen
• weak expression in pancreas, kidney & lung

Pathology

• high levels of mRNA seen in advanced breast carcinomas.
• found in axonal spheroids of Hallervorden-Spatz syndrome.

More general terms

• synuclein

Database

• UniProt: http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/O76070.html
• Entrez gene: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?db=gene&cmd=Retrieve&dopt=Graphics&list_uids=6623
• Kegg: http://www.genome.jp/dbget-bin/www_bget?hsa:6623
• OMIM: https://mirror.omim.org/entry/602998