prediabetes

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Introduction

Term coined by the American Diabetes Association & the National Institutes of Health referring to persons whose blood glucose is higher than normal, but not high enough to reach criteria for diabetes mellitus.

Epidemiology

  • 38% if Americans with prediabetes[13]

Laboratory

* previously 110 mg/dL

Complications

* 29& in euglycemic subjects & 50% in diabetics

Management

* preferred over diet & lifestyle changes[4], orlistat, acarbose or thiazolidinediones (no references cited)

More general terms

Additional terms

References

  1. Prescriber's Letter 9(4):19 2002
  2. Prescriber's Letter 11(1):1 2004 Detail-Document#: http://prescribersletter.com/(5bhgn1a4ni4cyp2tvybwfh55)/pl/ArticleDD.aspx?li=1&st=1&cs=&s=PRL&pt=3&fpt=25&dd=200106&pb=PRL (subscription needed) http://www.prescribersletter.com
  3. Prescriber's Letter 15(9): 2008 Diagnosis and Treatment of Pre-diabetes Detail-Document#: http://prescribersletter.com/(5bhgn1a4ni4cyp2tvybwfh55)/pl/ArticleDD.aspx?li=1&st=1&cs=&s=PRL&pt=3&fpt=25&dd=240906&pb=PRL (subscription needed) http://www.prescribersletter.com
  4. 4.0 4.1 4.2 4.3 4.4 4.5 Medical Knowledge Self Assessment Program (MKSAP) 14, 16, 17, 18, 19. American College of Physicians, Philadelphia 2006, 2012, 2015, 2018, 2022.
  5. 5.0 5.1 Heianza Y et al. HbA1c 5 7-6 4% and impaired fasting plasma glucose for diagnosis of prediabetes and risk of progression to diabetes in Japan (TOPICS 3): A longitudinal cohort study. Lancet 2011 Jun 25; <PubMed> PMID: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21705064 <Internet> http://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS0140-6736(11)60472-8/fulltext
  6. 6.0 6.1 Perreault L et al Effect of regression from prediabetes to normal glucose regulation on long-term reduction in diabetes risk: results from the Diabetes Prevention Program Outcomes Study The Lancet, Early Online Publication, 9 June 2012 <PubMed> PMID: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22683134 <Internet> http://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS0140-6736(12)60525-X/fulltext
    Yakubovich N and Gerstein HC Is regression to normoglycaemia clinically important? The Lancet, Early Online Publication, 9 June 2012 <PubMed> PMID: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22683127 <Internet> http://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS0140-6736(12)60828-9/fulltext
  7. 7.0 7.1 Lee M et al. Effect of pre-diabetes on future risk of stroke: Meta-analysis. BMJ 2012 Jun 7; 344:e3564. PMID: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22677795
  8. 8.0 8.1 DiPietro L et al Three 15-min Bouts of Moderate Postmeal Walking Significantly Improves 24-h Glycemic Control in Older People at Risk for Impaired Glucose Tolerance. Diabetes Care. 2013 Oct 36:3262 <PubMed> PMID: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23761134 <Internet> http://care.diabetesjournals.org/content/early/2013/06/03/dc13-0084.abstract
  9. Moin T et al. Metformin prescription for insured adults with prediabetes from 2010 to 2012: A retrospective cohort study. Ann Intern Med 2015 Apr 21; 162:542 PMID: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25894024
  10. Sussman JB et al Improving diabetes prevention with benefit based tailored treatment: risk based reanalysis of Diabetes Prevention Program. BMJ 2015;350:h454 <PubMed> PMID: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25697494 <Internet> http://www.bmj.com/content/350/bmj.h454
  11. 11.0 11.1 11.2 Brett AS Peripheral Neuropathy in Patients with Prediabetes NEJM Journal Watch. June 4, 2015 Massachusetts Medical Society (subscription needed) http://www.jwatch.org
    Lee CC et al. Peripheral neuropathy and nerve dysfunction in individuals at high risk for type 2 diabetes: The PROMISE cohort. Diabetes Care 2015 May; 38:793 <PubMed> PMID: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25665810 <Internet> http://care.diabetesjournals.org/content/38/5/793
  12. New AMA, CDC Initiative Aims to "Prevent Diabetes STAT" http://www.cdc.gov/media/releases/2015/p0311-diabetes-stat.html
  13. 13.0 13.1 Menke A et al Prevalence of and Trends in Diabetes Among Adults in the United States, 1988=2012. JAMA. 2015;314(10):1021-1029 <PubMed> PMID: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26348752 <Internet> http://jama.jamanetwork.com/article.aspx?articleid=2434682
    Herman WH, Rothberg AE Prevalence of Diabetes in the United States. A Glimmer of Hope? JAMA. 2015;314(10):1005-1007. <PubMed> PMID: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26348749 <Internet> http://jama.jamanetwork.com/article.aspx?articleid=2434665
  14. Jorde R et al. Vitamin D 20 000 IU per week for five years does not prevent progression from prediabetes to diabetes. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2016 Apr; 101:1647. PMID: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26829443
  15. 15.0 15.1 Huang Y, Cai X, Mai W, Li M, Hu Y. Association between prediabetes and risk of cardiovascular disease and all cause mortality: systematic review and meta- analysis. BMJ 2016;355:i5953 <PubMed> PMID: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27881363 Free full text <Internet> http://www.bmj.com/content/355/bmj.i5953
  16. 16.0 16.1 Bohula EA et al. Effect of lorcaserin on prevention and remission of type 2 diabetes in overweight and obese patients (CAMELLIA-TIMI 61): A randomised, placebo-controlled trial. Lancet 2018 Oct 4; PMID: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30293771 https://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS0140-6736(18)32328-6/fulltext
    Unamuno X, Fruhbeck G. Lorcaserin: Balancing efficacy with potential risks. Lancet 2018 Oct 4 PMID: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30293772 https://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS0140-6736(18)32460-7/fulltext
  17. 17.0 17.1 Evert AB, Dennison M, Gardner CD et al Nutrition Therapy for Adults With Diabetes or Prediabetes: A Consensus Report. Diabetes Care 2019 May; 42(5): 731-754 <PubMed> PMID: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31000505 <Internet> http://care.diabetesjournals.org/content/42/5/731
  18. 18.0 18.1 Rooney MR, Rawlings AM, Pankow JS et al Risk of Progression to Diabetes Among Older Adults With Prediabetes. JAMA Intern Med. Published online February 8, 2021. PMID: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33555311 https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamainternalmedicine/fullarticle/2775594
    Lam K, Lee SJ. Prediabetes - A Risk Factor Twice Removed. JAMA Intern Med. Published online February 8, 2021. PMID: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33555307 https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamainternalmedicine/fullarticle/2775591
  19. 19.0 19.1 Lee CG, Heckman-Stoddard B, Dabelea D et al. Effect of metformin and lifestyle interventions on mortality in the diabetes prevention program and diabetes prevention program outcomes study. Diabetes Care 2021 Dec; 44:2775. PMID: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34697033 PMCID: PMC8669534 (available on 2022-12-01) https://diabetesjournals.org/care/article/44/12/2775/138471/Effect-of-Metformin-and-Lifestyle-Interventions-on
  20. American Diabetes Association Prevention or Delay of Type 2 Diabetes: Standards of Medical Care in Diabetes-2018 Diabetes Care. 2018 Jan;41(Suppl 1):S51-S54. Review. PMID: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29222376
    American Diabetes Association. 3. Prevention or delay of type 2 diabetes: standards of medical care in diabetes-2020 Diabetes Care. 2020;43(Suppl 1):S32-S36 PMID: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31862746 Review. https://diabetesjournals.org/care/article/43/Supplement_1/S32/30500/3-Prevention-or-Delay-of-Type-2-Diabetes-Standards
    American Diabetes Association 3. Prevention or Delay of Type 2 Diabetes: Standards of Medical Care in Diabetes-2021 PMID: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33298414
  21. NEJM Knowledge+
    Knowler WC, Barrett-Connor E, Fowler SE et al Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin. N Engl J Med. 2002 Feb 7;346(6):393-403. doi:http://dx.doi.org/ 10.1056/NEJMoa012512. PMID: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11832527 PMCID: PMC1370926 Free PMC article. Clinical Trial. https://www.nejm.org/doi/pdf/10.1056/NEJMoa012512
  22. Prevent Diabetes STAT (Screen, Test, Act Today) http://www.ama-assn.org/sub/prevent-diabetes-stat/index.html
    Prevent Diabetes STAT Toolkit http://www.ama-assn.org/sub/prevent-diabetes-stat/toolkit.html
  23. Insulin Resistance and Pre-Diabetes http://diabetes.niddk.nih.gov/dm/pubs/insulinresistance/index.htm

Patient information

prediabetes patient information