nasal insulin
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Pharmacology
- insulin can cross the blood brain barrier & can penetrate the hippocampus
- it can be delivered through the nose to the brain, via a simple nasal spray
- insulin fusion proteins can be transported across the blood brain barrier & into the brain via macropinocytosis
- thus insulin may be a vehicle for transporting therapeutic drugs into the brain
Indications
Clinical trials
- intranasal insulin 40 IU QID* &/or empagliflozin 10 mg PO QD showed improvement in biomarkers for patients with amyloid-positive mild cognitive impairment or early Alzheimer disease[3]
More general terms
References
- ↑ Szalinski C A New Way to 'Smuggle' Drugs Through the Blood-Brain Barrier. Medscape. Oct 10, 2024 https://www.medscape.com/viewarticle/new-way-smuggle-drugs-through-blood-brain-barrier-2024a1000ijs
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 Nitchingham A, Close JCT, Harvey LA et al Long-acting intranasal insulin for the treatment of delirium-a randomised clinical trial. Age Ageing. 2025 Aug 29;54(10):afaf276. PMID: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41091693 PMCID: PMC12526039 Free PMC article. Clinical Trial. https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12526039/
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 Erichsen JM, Register TC, Sutphen C et al A phase 2A/B randomized trial of metabolic modulators intranasal insulin and empagliflozin for MCI and early AD. Alzheimers Dement. 2025 Oct;21(10):e70704. doi:http://dx.doi.org/ 10.1002/alz.70704. PMID: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41057918 PMCID: PMC12504051 Free PMC article. Clinical Trial. https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12504051/