trimethylamine-N-oxide (TMAO)
Jump to navigation
Jump to search
Pathology
- atherogenic molecule generated in the liver from absorbed trimethylamine produced by intestinal flora from dietary phosphatidylcholine (meat, eggs)[1][2][3][4][5]
- secreted by the liver, it appears in plasma
- increased plasma trimethylamine-N-oxide is associated with increased cardiovascular risk
- increased mortality in patients with
- increased mortality in patients with stable CAD
- attempts to inhibit formation of trimethylamine-N-oxide from trimethylamine in the liver have resulted in hepatitis[2]
- trimethylamine N-oxide is associated with imaging & clinical features of small vessel cerebrovascular disease assessed by white matter hyperintensity volume & lacunar infarcts[6]
- increased plasma trimethylamine-N-oxide is associated with increased risk of chronic kidney disease & faster decline in renal function[7]
Comparative biology
- 3,3-dimethyl-1-butanol (DMB) inhibits the formation of trimethylamine by intestinal bacteria in mice[2]
More general terms
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 Tang WHW et al. Intestinal microbial metabolism of phosphatidylcholine and cardiovascular risk. N Engl J Med 2013 Apr 25; 368:1575 <PubMed> PMID: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23614584 <Internet> http://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJMoa1109400
Loscalzo J. Gut microbiota, the genome, and diet in atherogenesis. N Engl J Med 2013 Apr 25; 368:1647. <PubMed> PMID: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23614591 <Internet> http://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJMe1302154 - ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 Wang Z, Roberts AB, Buffa JA et al. Non-lethal inhibition of gut microbial trimethylamine production for the treatment of atherosclerosis. Cell 2015 Dec 17; 163:1585 PMID: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26687352
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 Senthong V, Wang Z, Li XS, Fan Y, Wu Y, Tang WH, Hazen SL. Intestinal Microbiota-Generated Metabolite Trimethylamine-N-Oxide and 5-Year Mortality Risk in Stable Coronary Artery Disease: The Contributory Role of Intestinal Microbiota in a COURAGE- Like Patient Cohort. J Am Heart Assoc. 2016 Jun 10;5(6). PMID: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27287696 Free PMC Article
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 Senthong V, Li XS, Hudec T et al Plasma Trimethylamine N-Oxide, a Gut Microbe-Generated Phosphatidylcholine Metabolite, Is Associated With Atherosclerotic Burden. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2016 Jun 7;67(22):2620-8. PMID: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27256833
- ↑ 5.0 5.1 5.2 Senthong V, Wang Z, Li XS, Fan Y, Wu Y, Tang WH, Hazen SL Trimethylamine N-Oxide and Mortality Risk in Patients With Peripheral Artery Disease. J Am Heart Assoc. 2016; 5: e004237, Online October 19, 2016 <PubMed> PMID: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27287696 Free PMC Article <Internet> http://jaha.ahajournals.org/content/5/10/e004237.abstract
- ↑ 6.0 6.1 Kijpaisalratana N, Ament Z, Bevers MB et al Trimethylamine N-Oxide and White Matter Hyperintensity Volume Among Patients With Acute Ischemic Stroke. JAMA Netw Open. 2023;6(8):e2330446. PMID: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37610752 PMCID: PMC10448304 Free PMC Article https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamanetworkopen/fullarticle/2808706
- ↑ 7.0 7.1 Wang M, Tang WHW, Li X et al The Gut Microbial Metabolite Trimethylamine N-oxide, Incident CKD, and Kidney Function Decline. J Am Soc Nephrol. 2024 Apr 9 PMID: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/38593157 https://journals.lww.com/jasn/abstract/9900/the_gut_microbial_metabolite_trimethylamine.282.aspx