risk factors for COPD

^[1]^[2]^[3]

Etiology

risk factors

genetic factors
exposure to particles
- tobacco smoke
- occupational dusts (organic & inorganic)
  - coal
  - silica
  - synthetic mineral fibers
  - cement
  - vanadium
  - cadmium
  - cotton, hemp, jute (textiles)
  - grain dust
  - wood (paper mills)
- indoor air pollution
heating & cooking with biomass fuel in poorly ventilated buildings
- welding fumes
- fire, smoke
outdoor air pollution
- smog
- fire, smoke
lung growth & development
childhood risk factors
- asthma, allergic rhinitis, bronchitis, pneumonia^[2]
- smoking, second hand smoke, maternal smoking^[2]
oxidative stress
sex
age
socioeconomic status
nutrition
comorbidities

More general terms

health risk factor(s)

References

↑ Medical Knowledge Self Assessment Program (MKSAP) 15, 18. American College of Physicians, Philadelphia 2009, 2018.
↑ ^2.0 ^2.1 ^2.2 Bui DS, Burgess JA, Lowe AJ et al Childhood Lung Function Predicts Adult Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease and Asthma-Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Overlap Syndrome. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2017 Jul 1;196(1):39-46. PMID: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28146643
Bui DS, Lodge CJ, Burgess JA, et al Childhood predictors of lung function trajectories and future COPD risk: a prospective cohort study from the first to the sixth decade of life. Lancet Respiratory Medicine. April 5, 2018 <PubMed> PMID: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29628376 <Internet> http://www.thelancet.com/journals/lanres/article/PIIS2213-2600(18)30100-0/fulltext
Belgrave DCM, Granell R, Turner SW, et al Lung function trajectories from pre-school age to adulthood and their associations with early life factors: a retrospective analysis of three population-based birth cohort studies. Lancet Respiratory Medicine. April 5, 2018 <PubMed> PMID: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29628377 <Internet> http://www.thelancet.com/journals/lanres/article/PIIS2213-2600(18)30100-0/fulltext
von Mutius E Childhood origins of COPD. Lancet Respiratory Medicine. April 5, 2018 <PubMed> PMID: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29628375 <Internet> http://www.thelancet.com/journals/lanres/article/PIIS2213-2600(18)30141-3/fulltext
↑ Bui DS, Burgess JA, Lowe AJ et al Childhood Lung Function Predicts Adult Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease and Asthma-Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Overlap Syndrome. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2017 Jul 1;196(1):39-46. PMID: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28146643 Free Article

[ref1-1] Medical Knowledge Self Assessment Program (MKSAP) 15, 18. American College of Physicians, Philadelphia 2009, 2018.

[ref2-2] 2.0 ^2.1 ^2.2 Bui DS, Burgess JA, Lowe AJ et al Childhood Lung Function Predicts Adult Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease and Asthma-Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Overlap Syndrome. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2017 Jul 1;196(1):39-46. PMID: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28146643
Bui DS, Lodge CJ, Burgess JA, et al Childhood predictors of lung function trajectories and future COPD risk: a prospective cohort study from the first to the sixth decade of life. Lancet Respiratory Medicine. April 5, 2018 <PubMed> PMID: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29628376 <Internet> http://www.thelancet.com/journals/lanres/article/PIIS2213-2600(18)30100-0/fulltext
Belgrave DCM, Granell R, Turner SW, et al Lung function trajectories from pre-school age to adulthood and their associations with early life factors: a retrospective analysis of three population-based birth cohort studies. Lancet Respiratory Medicine. April 5, 2018 <PubMed> PMID: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29628377 <Internet> http://www.thelancet.com/journals/lanres/article/PIIS2213-2600(18)30100-0/fulltext
von Mutius E Childhood origins of COPD. Lancet Respiratory Medicine. April 5, 2018 <PubMed> PMID: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29628375 <Internet> http://www.thelancet.com/journals/lanres/article/PIIS2213-2600(18)30141-3/fulltext

[ref3-3] Bui DS, Burgess JA, Lowe AJ et al Childhood Lung Function Predicts Adult Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease and Asthma-Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Overlap Syndrome. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2017 Jul 1;196(1):39-46. PMID: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28146643 Free Article

[1]

[2]

[3]

risk factors for COPD

Etiology

More general terms

References

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