meningoencephalitis
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Etiology
- viral infection
- HSV1 typically causes acute (not subacute) encephalitis[3]
- fungal infection
- Cryptococcus neoformans (cryptococcosis)
- subacute & chronic meningoencephalitis in immunocompromised patients[3]
- Mucor
- Cryptococcus neoformans (cryptococcosis)
- parasitic infection:
- Toxoplasmosis
- amebiasis (rapidly progressive, within days)
- rickettsial infection
- bacterial infection
- vascular diseases
- abscess or empyema
- tumors
- Reye syndrome
- toxic encephalopathy
- subdural hematoma
- systemic lupus erythematosus
Pathology
- inflammation of the brain parenchyma as well as the meninges
- elevated intracranial pressure (cryptococcosis. others?...)[5]
Clinical manifestations
- manifestations of meningitis
- headache
- fever
- nausea/vomiting
- photophobia
- others
- altered level of consciousness
- delirium
- focal or diffuse neurologic signs
- aphasia
- ataxia
- hemiparesis with hyperactive DTR & extensor plantar responses
- myoclonic jerks
- cranial nerve palsy
- seizures (50% of patients with severe encephalitis)
- hypothalamic-pituitary dysfunction
Laboratory
More general terms
More specific terms
References
- ↑ Harrison's Principles of Internal Medicine, 13th ed. Isselbacher et al (eds), McGraw-Hill Inc. NY, 1994, pg 2312-14
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 ARUP Consult: Encephalitis, Infectious The Physician's Guide to Laboratory Test Selection & Interpretation https://www.arupconsult.com/content/encephalitis-infectious
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 NEJM Knowledge+ Question of the Week. Nove 20, 2018 https://knowledgeplus.nejm.org/question-of-week/540/
- ↑ Abassi M, Boulware DR, Rhein J. Cryptococcal meningitis: diagnosis and management update. Curr Trop Med Rep 2015 Jun 1; 2:90. PMID: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26279970 Free PMC Article
- ↑ 5.0 5.1 NEJM Knowledge+
- ↑ National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS) NINDS Encephalitis and Meningitis Information Page https://www.ninds.nih.gov/Disorders/All-Disorders/Meningitis-and-Encephalitis-Information-Page