human immunodeficiency virus-2 (HIV-2)

Introduction

Type 2 human immune deficiency virus

Epidemiology

• not been widely seen outside of Africa
• 1st case in the United States was in 1987

Pathology

• CXCR4 is a primary receptor for some HIV-2 isolates
• CCR4 is a coreceptor for some primary HIV-2 isolates

Laboratory

• HIV2 EIA/ELISA
  • many HIV1 ELISA test kits for HIV-1 will also detect HIV-2
• HIV2 western blot for conformation
• HIV2 RNA
• obtain HIV1 viral load

Management

• less likely to respond to antiretroviral therapy as patients with HIV-1 infection
• include two NRTIs & a antiretrovial protease inhibitor, such as lopinavir, saquinavir, or darunavir
• do not prescribe NNRTIs or the antiretrovial protease inhibitors nelfinavir, atazanavir, or fosamprenavir unless co-infected with HIV1

More general terms

• human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)

Additional terms

• human immunodeficiency virus-1 (HIV-1)