group 3 secretory phospholipase A2; group 3 secretory phospholipase A2; GIII sPLA2; sPLA2-III; phosphatidylcholine 2-acylhydrolase 3 (PLA2G3)

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Function

catalyzes Ca+2-dependent hydrolysis of the 2-acyl groups in 3-sn-phosphoglycerides
shows an 11-fold preference for phosphatidylglycerol over phosphatidylcholine
role in ciliogenesis
arachidonic acid release is markedly increased by glypican, a glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchored heparan sulfate proteoglycan
N-glycosylation does not affect the catalytical activity, but is required for proper secretion
a nonglycosylated form is found in several cell types
in several cell types, the N- & C-termini are cleaved off

Cofactor: binds 1 Ca+2 per subunit

expressed in kidney, heart, liver, & skeletal muscle
also present in placenta & peripheral blood leukocytes
not detected in brain, colon, thymus, spleen & small intestine
in lung, expressed in bronchial epithelial cells & alveolar macrophages, but scarcely detected in alveolar epithelium, arterial walls & interstitial fibroblasts (at protein level)
in joints of osteoarthritis & rheumatoid arthritis, expressed in endothelial cells (at protein level)
in normal heart, detected in some vessels
in myocardial tissues with acute infarction, expressed in vascular endothelial cells adjacent to cardiomyocytes & those in lesions with granulation
expression in cardiomyocytes is scarce (at protein level)
in uterus, breast & colon cancers, detected in tumor cells & neighboring microvascular endothelium, but not in normal glandular tissues (at protein level)
induced by IL1B/interleukin-1 beta & TNF in microvascular endothelial cells (at protein level)