ectopic/dystrophic calcification

Etiology

• atherosclerosis
  • arterial calcification
    • coronary artery calcification
• calcific tendonitis
• urinary calculus, calcium stone
• nephrocalcinosis
• also see differential diagnosis

Pathology

• calcification of necrotic cells & cellular debris not removed by phagocytes

Differential diagnosis

• vascular disease
  • venous insufficiency
  • Monckeberg arteriosclerosis
• infection
  • granulomatous infection
    • caseous necrosis in tuberculosis most common
  • parasitic infestation
  • cysticercosis
  • dracunculiasis
  • Armillifer armillatus
• neoplasm
  • osteosarcoma
  • other sarcomas: synovial sarcoma, osteoma, leiomyoma
  • oligodendroglioma
  • tumor necrosis
• autoimmune disease
  • dermatomyositis
  • scleroderma, CREST syndrome
  • systemic lupus erythematosus
  • sarcoidosis
• drugs
  • vitamin D
  • milk-alkali syndrome
• trauma
  • heterotopic ossification
    • myositis ossificans
  • injection granuloma

More general terms

• calcification
• chronic kidney disease-mineral & bone disorder (CKD-MBD)

More specific terms

• arterial calcification
• calcific tendonitis
• intracranial calcification
• mitral valve calcification
• nephrocalcinosis

Additional terms

• Greenberg skeletal dysplasia; hydrops-ectopic calcification-moth-eaten skeletal dysplasia
• metastatic calcification
• ossification (primary/secondary)