atathmin; phosphoprotein p19; pp19; leukemia-associated phosphoprotein p18; oncoprotein 18; Op18; pp17; prosolin; metablastin; protein Pr22 (STMN1, LAP18, OP18)
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Function
- role in regulation of microtubule system
- stathmin destabilizes microtubules by preventing assembly & promoting disassembly of microtubules
- implicated in the expression of innate fear & the formation of memory for learned fear[2]
- MAPK phosphorylates stathmin in response to NGF[3]
- phosphorylation of Ser-63 by PKA reduces tubulin binding 10-fold & suppresses microtubule polymerization inhibition activity
- binds to two alpha/beta-tubulin heterodimers
- phosphorylation at Ser-16 may be required for axon formation during neurogenesis
- phosphorylation at Ser-16 seems to be required for neuron polarization (putative)
- many different phosphorylated forms are observed depending on specific combinations among the sites which can be phosphorylated
- interacts with KIST
Structure
belongs to the stathmin family
Compartment
Expression
- ubiquitous
- highest levels in brain, neurons > spinal cord & cerebellum > thymus, bone marrow, testis, & fetal liver > colon, ovary, placenta, uterus, & trachea
- lowest expression is found in adult liver
- within the brain, highly expressed in the amygdala & in areas afferent to the amygdala.
Pathology
- present in much greater abundance in cells from patients with acute leukemia of different subtypes than in normal peripheral blood lymphocytes, non-leukemic proliferating lymphoid cells, bone marrow cells, or cells from patients with chronic lymphoid leukemia or chronic myeloid leukemia