anal fissure

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Etiology

Pathology

Clinical manifestations

Diagnostic procedures

Management

* see lower gastrointestinal hemorrhage Management section for indications for hospitalization[5]

More general terms

References

  1. Manual of Medical Therapeutics, 28th ed, Ewald & McKenzie (eds), Little, Brown & Co, Boston, 1995, pg 360
  2. Stedman's Medical Dictionary 27th ed, Williams & Wilkins, Baltimore, 1999
  3. The American Society of Colon and Rectal Surgeons (ASCRS) has updated: Practice parameters for the management of anal fissure http://www.fascrs.org/associations/1843/files/pp_1204.pdf
  4. Jump up to: 4.0 4.1 Prescriber's Letter 19(1): 2012 Rectiv (Nitroglycerin 0.4% Ointment) for Anal Fissure Detail-Document#: http://prescribersletter.com/(5bhgn1a4ni4cyp2tvybwfh55)/pl/ArticleDD.aspx?li=1&st=1&cs=&s=PRL&pt=3&fpt=25&dd=280105&pb=PRL (subscription needed) http://www.prescribersletter.com
  5. Jump up to: 5.0 5.1 5.2 5.3 5.4 5.5 Medical Knowledge Self Assessment Program (MKSAP) 17, 18, 19. American College of Physicians, Philadelphia 2015, 2018, 2021.
    Medical Knowledge Self Assessment Program (MKSAP) 20 American College of Physicians, Philadelphia 2025
  6. Perry WB, Dykes SL, Buie WD et al Practice parameters for the management of anal fissures (3rd revision). Dis Colon Rectum. 2010 Aug;53(8):1110-5 PMID: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20628272
  7. Beaty JS, Shashidharan M. Anal Fissure. Clin Colon Rectal Surg. 2016 Mar;29(1):30-7. Review. PMID: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26929749 Free PMC Article
  8. Lu Y, Kwaan MR, Lin AY Diagnosis and Treatment of Anal Fissures in 2021. JAMA. 2021;325(7):688-689 PMID: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33591336 https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/fullarticle/2776317
  9. Jump up to: 9.0 9.1 9.2 9.3 9.4 Villanueva Herrero JA, Henning W, Sharma N, Deppen JG. Internal Anal Sphincterotomy. 2020 Nov 10. In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2020 Jan PMID: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29630265 Free Books & Documents. Review.
  10. Jump up to: 10.0 10.1 Stewart DB Sr, Gaertner W, Glasgow S, et al. Clinical practice guideline for the management of anal fissures. Dis Colon Rectum. 2017;60:7-14. PMID: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27926552