restrictive lung disease

Etiology

• parenchymal disorders
  • sarcoidosis
  • idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (50-70 years, most common ILD)
  • pneumoconiosis
  • hypersensitivity pneumonitis (bird fancier's lung, farmer's lung)
  • drug or radiation-induced interstitial lung disease
    • amiodarone toxicity
• extra-parenchymal disorders
  • neuromuscular disease
    • diaphragmatic weakness/paralysis
    • myasthenia gravis
    • Guillain-Barre syndrome
    • muscular dystrophies
    • cervical spine injury
  • chest wall
    • kyphoscoliosis
    • obesity
    • ankylosing spondylitis

Laboratory

• arterial blood gas

Diagnostic procedures

• pulmonary function testing
  • decreased total lung capacity < 80%
  • FEV1/FVC > 75%
  • decreased residual volume suggests interstitial lung disease
  • increased residual volume suggests neuromuscular disease

Radiology

• chest X-ray may show only low lung volume with neuromuscular disease
• infiltrates suggest interstitial lung disease
• high-resolution computed tomography if pulmonary function testing suggests pathology not revealed by chest X-ray

More general terms

• lung disease

Additional terms

• pulmonary function test (PFT)