Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) diet

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Introduction

Diet rich in fruits & vegetables, nonfat dairy products & very low salt.

Benefits:

Recommendations:

  • increase fruits & vegetables to 8-11 servings/day
    • 2 servings of fruit & 3 servings of vegetables associated with the lowest mortality[26]
  • increase servings of whole grain products
  • maintain 2-3 servings of dairy products/day
  • include nuts, seeds & dried beans to 4-5 times/week
  • limit servings of meat to < 6 ounces/day
  • limit servings of fat* to 3/day

* serving of fat is 1 tablespoon (15 mL) about 110 kcal

Total kcals = 1500

Protein = 23%

Fat = 18%

Carbohydrate= 59%

Notes

More general terms

More specific terms

Additional terms

References

  1. ↑ Prescriber's Letter 10(6):31 2003
  2. ↑ Jennifer Romo, MPH, RD, Clinical Dietician West Los Angeles VA Medical Center
  3. ↑ Appel LJ, Moore TJ, Obarzanek E, Vollmer WM, Svetkey LP, Sacks FM, Bray GA, Vogt TM, Cutler JA, Windhauser MM, Lin PH, Karanja N. A clinical trial of the effects of dietary patterns on blood pressure. DASH Collaborative Research Group. N Engl J Med. 1997 Apr 17;336(16):1117-24. PMID: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9099655
  4. ↑ Zemel MB. Dietary pattern and hypertension: the DASH study. Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension. Nutr Rev. 1997 Aug;55(8):303-5. Review. PMID: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9287480
  5. ↑ Svetkey LP, Simons-Morton D, Vollmer WM, Appel LJ, Conlin PR, Ryan DH, Ard J, Kennedy BM. Effects of dietary patterns on blood pressure: subgroup analysis of the Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) randomized clinical trial. Arch Intern Med. 1999 Feb 8;159(3):285-93. PMID: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9989541
  6. ↑ Sacks FM, Appel LJ, Moore TJ, Obarzanek E, Vollmer WM, Svetkey LP, Bray GA, Vogt TM, Cutler JA, Windhauser MM, Lin PH, Karanja N. A dietary approach to prevent hypertension: a review of the Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) Study. Clin Cardiol. 1999 PMID: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10410299
  7. ↑ Harsha DW, Lin PH, Obarzanek E, Karanja NM, Moore TJ, Caballero B. Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension: a summary of study results. DASH Collaborative Research Group. J Am Diet Assoc. 1999 Aug;99(8 Suppl):S35-9. PMID: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10450292
  8. ↑ Windhauser MM, Ernst DB, Karanja NM, Crawford SW, Redican SE, Swain JF, Karimbakas JM, Champagne CM, Hoben KP, Evans MA. Translating the Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension diet from research to practice: dietary and behavior change techniques. DASH Collaborative Research Group. J Am Diet Assoc. 1999 PMID: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10450300
  9. ↑ Moore TJ, Vollmer WM, Appel LJ, Sacks FM, Svetkey LP, Vogt TM, Conlin PR, Simons-Morton DG, Carter-Edwards L, Harsha DW. Effect of dietary patterns on ambulatory blood pressure : results from the Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) Trial. DASH Collaborative Research Group. Hypertension. 1999 Sep;34(3):472-7. PMID: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10489396
  10. ↑ Conlin PR, Chow D, Miller ER 3rd, Svetkey LP, Lin PH, Harsha DW, Moore TJ, Sacks FM, Appel LJ. The effect of dietary patterns on blood pressure control in hypertensive patients: results from the Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) trial. Am J Hypertens. 2000 Sep;13(9):949-55. PMID: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10981543
  11. ↑ Sacks FM, Svetkey LP, Vollmer WM, Appel LJ, Bray GA, Harsha D, Obarzanek E, Conlin PR, Miller ER 3rd, Simons-Morton DG, Karanja N, Lin PH; DASH-Sodium Collaborative Research Group. Effects on blood pressure of reduced dietary sodium and the Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) diet. DASH-Sodium Collaborative Research Group. N Engl J Med. 2001 Jan 4;344(1):3-10. PMID: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11136953
  12. ↑ Moore TJ, Conlin PR, Ard J, Svetkey LP. DASH (Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension) diet is effective treatment for stage 1 isolated systolic hypertension. Hypertension. 2001 Aug;38(2):155-8. PMID: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11509468
  13. ↑ Lopes HF, Martin KL, Nashar K, Morrow JD, Goodfriend TL, Egan BM. DASH diet lowers blood pressure and lipid-induced oxidative stress in obesity. Hypertension. 2003 Mar;41(3):422-30. Epub 2003 Feb 3. PMID: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12623938
  14. ↑ Frank GC. The DASH diet. A practical tool for hypertension management in the elderly. Adv Nurse Pract. 2001 Jul;9(7):57-60. PMID: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12420455
  15. ↑ Lin PH, Ginty F, Appel LJ, Aickin M, Bohannon A, Garnero P, Barclay D, Svetkey LP. The DASH diet and sodium reduction improve markers of bone turnover and calcium metabolism in adults. J Nutr. 2003 Oct;133(10):3130-6. PMID: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14519796
  16. ↑ Akita S, Sacks FM, Svetkey LP, Conlin PR, Kimura G; DASH-Sodium Trial Collaborative Research Group. Effects of the Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) diet on the pressure-natriuresis relationship. Hypertension. 2003 Jul;42(1):8-13. Epub 2003 May 19. PMID: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12756219
  17. ↑ Conlin PR, Erlinger TP, Bohannon A, Miller ER 3rd, Appel LJ, Svetkey LP, Moore TJ. The DASH diet enhances the blood pressure response to losartan in hypertensive patients. Am J Hypertens. 2003 May;16(5 Pt 1):337-42. PMID: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12745193
  18. ↑ Erlinger TP, Miller ER 3rd, Charleston J, Appel LJ. Inflammation modifies the effects of a reduced-fat low-cholesterol diet on lipids: results from the DASH-sodium trial. Circulation. 2003 Jul 15;108(2):150-4. Epub 2003 Jul 7. PMID: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12847067
  19. ↑ Ard JD, Coffman CJ, Lin PH, Svetkey LP. One-year follow-up study of blood pressure and dietary patterns in dietary approaches to stop hypertension (DASH)-sodium participants. Am J Hypertens. 2004 Dec;17(12 Pt 1):1156-62. PMID: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15607623
  20. ↑ Doyle L, Cashman KD. The DASH diet may have beneficial effects on bone health. Nutr Rev. 2004 May;62(5):215-20. Review. PMID: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15212322
  21. ↑ 21.0 21.1 Levitan EB et al, Consistency With the DASH Diet and Incidence of Heart Failure Arch Intern Med. 2009;169(9):851-857. PMID: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19433696
  22. ↑ Prescriber's Letter 16(6): 2009 Blood Pressure-Lowering Benefits of Reduced Salt Intake COMMENTARY: Blood Pressure-Lowering Benefits of Reduced Salt Intake PATIENT HANDOUT: How to Eat Less Salt PDF: Patient Guide to the DASH Diet Detail-Document#: http://prescribersletter.com/(5bhgn1a4ni4cyp2tvybwfh55)/pl/ArticleDD.aspx?li=1&st=1&cs=&s=PRL&pt=3&fpt=25&dd=250605&pb=PRL (subscription needed) http://www.prescribersletter.com
  23. ↑ Medical Knowledge Self Assessment Program (MKSAP) 17, American College of Physicians, Philadelphia 2015
  24. ↑ 24.0 24.1 Rai SK, Fung TT, Lu N et al The Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) diet, Western diet, and risk of gout in men: prospective cohort study. BMJ 2017;357:j1794 <PubMed> PMID: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28487277 <Internet> http://www.bmj.com/content/357/bmj.j1794
  25. ↑ 25.0 25.1 Orciari Herman A, Sadoughi S, Saitz R DASH and Mediterranean Diets Tie for Best Overall Diet. Physician's First Watch, Jan 4, 2018 David G. Fairchild, MD, MPH, Editor-in-Chief Massachusetts Medical Society http://www.jwatch.org
    Doheny K. Mediterranean, DASH Top US News Best Diets List Medscape - Jan 04, 2018. https://www.medscape.com/viewarticle/890919
    US News. Best Diets. Jan 3, 2018 https://health.usnews.com/best-diet
  26. ↑ 26.0 26.1 Wang DD, Li Y, Bhupathiraju SN et al Fruit and Vegetable Intake and Mortality. Results From 2 Prospective Cohort Studies of US Men and Women and a Meta-Analysis of 26 Cohort Studies. Circulation. 2021;143:00-00 PMID: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33641343 https://www.ahajournals.org/doi/pdf/10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.120.048996
  27. ↑ National Heart, Lung & Blood Institute Description of the DASH Eating Plan. https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/health-topics/topics/dash
  28. ↑ The Dash Diet Eating Plan http://dashdiet.org/default.asp
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