latanoprost (Xalatan)
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Introduction
Tradename: Xalatan.
Indications
- open-angle glaucoma (including initial treatment)
- increased intraocular pressure
Contraindications
pregnancy-category :value C
safety-in-lactation :value ?
Dosage
- 1 drop OU QHS (higher doses diminish effect)
- do NOT administer while wearing contact lenses
Solution: (ophthalmic) 0.005% (2.5 mL) (contains benzalkonium chloride).
Storage
- protect from light
- store refrigetated 2-8 degrees C (36-46 degrees F)
- opened bottle may be stored at room temperature, up to 25 degrees C (77 degrees F) for 6 weeks[6]
Adverse effects
- common (> 10%)
- less common (1-10%)
- chest pain, angina pectoris, rash, allergic skin reaction, myalgia, arthralgia, back pain, dry eye, excessive tearing, eyelid pain, eyelid crusting, eyelid edema, eyelid erythema, eyelid discomfort/pain, photophobia, upper respiratory tract infection, cold, flu
- uncommon (< 1%)
- conjunctivitis, diplopia, discharge from eye, retinal artery embolus, retinal detachment, vitreous hemorrhage from diabetic retinopathy
- other
- permanent brown pigmentation in the iris may occur
- occurs after 3-12 months of therapy
- pigmentation NOT associated with damage or morbidity
- due to melanin production
- increased length, thickness & darkness of the eyelashes
- increased pigmention of the eyelid
- cystoid macular edema
- exacerbation of herpes ophthalmicus
- bacterial keratitis associated with use of multiple-dose containers
- migraine (uncommon)[4]
- permanent brown pigmentation in the iris may occur
Drug interactions
- ophthalmic agents containing thimerosal when mixed may result in precipitation: separate use by at least 5 minutes
Mechanism of action
- synthetic pro-drug analog of prostaglandin F2 alpha
- selective for FP subtype prostanoid receptor
- increase in aqueous humor ouflow
- reduction of intraocular pressure (25-35%, 4 mm Hg)
- reduces risk of visual field deterioration (15% vs 26% for placebo)[7]
More general terms
Additional terms
Component of
Components
References
- ↑ The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics, 9th ed. Gilman et al, eds. Permagon Press/McGraw Hill, 1996
- ↑ Drug Information & Medication Formulary, Veterans Affairs, Central California Health Care System, 1st ed., Ravnan et al eds, 1998 - not on National VA formulary
- ↑ Kaiser Permanente Northern California Regional Drug Formulary, 1998
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 Prescriber's Letter 8(5):28 2001
- ↑ Prescriber's Letter 10(2):10 2003
- ↑ 6.0 6.1 Bausch and Lomb. Package insert
- ↑ 7.0 7.1 Garway-Heath DF et al Latanoprost for open-angle glaucoma (UKGTS): a randomised, multicentre, placebo-controlled trial. Lancet. Dec 19, 2014 http://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS0140-6736%2814%2962111-5/abstract