tracheobronchomalacia
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Etiology
- see tracheomalacia
Pathology
Clinical manifestations
- chronic cough
- chronic dyspnea
- wheezing may be heard over trachea
Diagnostic procedures
- dynamic collapse of airway during bronchoscopy (see pathology)[3]
- FEV1/FVC normal
Radiology
- chest X-ray generally normal
- chest CT:
- may show collapse of trachea during expiration
Differential diagnosis
- refractory asthma* reversible airway obstruction with bronchodilation
- tracheomalacia (pathology restricted to trachea)
- chronic bronchitis:
- no dynamic collapse of airway during bronchoscopy (FEV1/FVC may be normal)
- COPD: FEV1/FVC low (< 70% of predicted post bronchodiator)
* ref[3] describes workup & diagnosis of patient origionally diagnosed with refractory asthma
Management
- not responsive to glucocorticoids & bronchodilators
- symptomatic patients with multiple hospital admissions
- bronchoscopy with stent placement (first line)
- other surgery to prevent collapse of trachea
More general terms
Additional terms
References
- ↑ Stedman's Medical Dictionary 27th ed, Williams & Wilkins, Baltimore, 1999.
- ↑ Carden KA, Boiselle PM, Waltz DA, Ernst A. Tracheomalacia and tracheobronchomalacia in children and adults: an in-depth review. Chest. 2005 Mar;127(3):984-1005. PMID: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15764786 Review.
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.3 Hammond K, Ghori UK, Musani AI. Tracheobronchomalacia and Excessive Dynamic Airway Collapse. Clin Chest Med. 2018 Mar;39(1):223-228. PMID: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29433717 Review.