space travel (astronaut)
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Pathology
- in space, lack of gravity-induced hydrostatic pressures causes venous pooling in the head & neck, resulting in a mild elevation in intracranial pressure[1]
- brain + CSF fluid volume increases by 2.0% after travel to the International Space Station & remains elevated (1.7%) 1 year after spaceflight[2]
- white matter expansion is responsible for the largest increase in combined brain & CSF volumes[2]
- increase in lateral ventricle volume after 6 months in space[3]
- optic disc edema, globe flattening, & chorioretinal folds are features of spaceflight-associated neuro-ocular syndrome (SANS)[3]
- SANS may cause irreversible damage SANS vision loss
- 169 days in space results in alterations in biomarkers of neurodegeneration
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 Wilson MH, Hargens AR, Imray CH. Effects of Spaceflight on Astronaut Brain Structure. N Engl J Med 2018; 378:581-583 <PubMed> PMID: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29414278 Free full text <Internet> http://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJMc1716067
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 George J Your Brain in Space. Long spaceflights expand combined brain, CSF volumes for at least a year. MedPage Today April 14, 2020 https://www.medpagetoday.com/neurology/generalneurology/85964
Kramer LA, Hasan KM, Stenger MB et al Intracranial Effects of Microgravity: A Prospective Longitudinal MRI Study. Radiology. Apr 14 2020 PMID: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32286194 https://pubs.rsna.org/doi/10.1148/radiol.2020191413 - ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 George J After 6 Months in Space, Eyes and Brain Show Changes
But it's likely these alterations are uncoupled from each other. MedPage Today May 20, 2021 https://www.medpagetoday.com/ophthalmology/generalophthalmology/92715
Marshall-Goebel K, Macias BR, Kramer LA et al Association of Structural Changes in the Brain and Retina After Long-Duration Spaceflight. JAMA Ophthalmol. Published online May 20, 2021 PMID: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34014272 https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamaophthalmology/article-abstract/2780311 - ↑ George J Long Spaceflight Tied to Brain Injury, Neurodegeneration Markers. Amyloid-beta, neurofilament light, GFAP show changes weeks after return to Earth. https://www.medpagetoday.com/neurology/generalneurology/94951
zu Eulenburg P, Buchheim JI, Ashton NJ et al Changes in Blood Biomarkers of Brain Injury and Degeneration Following Long-Duration Spaceflight. JAMA Neurol. Published online October 11, 2021 PMID: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34633430 https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamaneurology/article-abstract/2784623