glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) in blood/plasma/serum

^[1]^[2]^[3]

Indications

assessment of need for CT of brain in adults with mild traumatic brain injury (concussion)

released from the brain into blood
can be measured within 12 hours of head injury
higher plasma GFAP is associated with higher risk of cardiovascular disease, mortality from heart failure, & kidney disease^[2]
5x higher concentrations of serum GFAP associated with increased risk of overall mortality (RR=1.43)^[3]

↑ Brooks M FDA Clears First Blood Test to Aid in Concussion Diagnosis. Medscape - Feb 14, 2018. https://www.medscape.com/viewarticle/892683
FDA News Release. Feb 14, 2018 FDA authorizes marketing of first blood test to aid in the evaluation of concussion in adults. https://www.fda.gov/NewsEvents/Newsroom/PressAnnouncements/ucm596531.htm
↑ ^2.0 ^2.1 Dark HE, Paterson C, Daya GN et al Proteomic Indicators of Health Predict Alzheimer's Disease Biomarker Levels and Dementia Risk. Ann Neurol. 2023. Oct 6. PMID: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37801487 https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1002/ana.26817
↑ ^3.0 ^3.1 Halloway S et al Serum total tau, neurofilament light, and glial fibrillary acidic protein are associated with mortality in a population study. J Am Geriatr Soc. 2024 Jan;72(1):149-159 PMID: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37818793 https://agsjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1111/jgs.18632