intellectual disability; mental retardation
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Genetics
- chromosome 21 (Down's syndrome)
- autosomal recessive
- autosomal dominant
- X-linked
- long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase 4[5]
- many others
- most cases associated with genetic mutations not found in either parent[8]
Clinical manifestations
- significantly below average general intellectual functioning associated with impairments in adaptative behavior
- manifested during the developmental period
- self-injurious behavior
Laboratory
Management
- self-injurious behavior
- often a symptom of a physical problem
- ask caregivers to calm patient
- examine patient as tolerated
- additional help may be required
- obtain samples for therapeutic drug monitoring[2]
- selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) if no physical problem can be identified
- community living preferable to residential care
- prognosis:
- overall prevalence of morbidity & mortality is comparable to persons without cognitive impairment*
- use DSIID to screen for dementia[2][18]
* notable exceptions, including but not limited to, Down's syndrome
More general terms
More specific terms
- mental retardation, autosomal dominant 39
- mental retardation, nonsyndromic
- X-linked mental retardation; X-linked intellectual disability (XLID)
Component of
References
- ↑ UCLA Intensive Course in Geriatric Medicine & Board Review, Marina Del Ray, CA, Sept 12-15, 2001
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 Geriatrics Review Syllabus, American Geriatrics Society, 5th edition, 2002-2004
Geriatric Review Syllabus, 7th edition Parada JT et al (eds) American Geriatrics Society, 2010
Geriatric Review Syllabus, 8th edition (GRS8) Durso SC and Sullivan GN (eds) American Geriatrics Society, 2013
Geriatric Review Syllabus, 9th edition (GRS9) Medinal-Walpole A, Pacala JT, Porter JF (eds) American Geriatrics Society, 2016 - ↑ Moeschler JB et al, American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) Clinical genetic evaluation of the child with mental retardation or developmental delays <PubMed> PMID: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16740881 <Internet> http://aappolicy.aappublications.org/cgi/content/full/pediatrics;117/6/2304
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 OMIM https://mirror.omim.org/entry/614202
- ↑ 5.0 5.1 OMIM https://mirror.omim.org/entry/300387
- ↑ 6.0 6.1 ARUP Consult: Laboratory Testing for Developmental Delay, Intellectual Disability, and Autism Spectrum Disorder The Physician's Guide to Laboratory Test Selection & Interpretation https://www.arupconsult.com/content/developmental-delay-dd-or-intellectual-disability-id-testing
ARUP Consult: Testing for Genetic Syndromes Related to Developmental Delay (DD), Intellectual Disability (ID), and Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD). https://arupconsult.com/algorithm/developmental-delay-dd-testing-algorithm
Autism and Intellectual Disability Comprehensive Panel https://arupconsult.com/ati/autism-and-intellectual-disability-comprehensive-panel - ↑ 7.0 7.1 OMIM https://mirror.omim.org/entry/614257
- ↑ 8.0 8.1 Rauch A et al Range of genetic mutations associated with severe non-syndromic sporadic intellectual disability: an exome sequencing study The Lancet, Early Online Publication, 27 September 2012 <PubMed> PMID: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23020937 <Internet> http://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS0140-6736(12)61480-9/abstract
- ↑ Chauhan U, Kontopantelis E, Campbell S et al Health checks in primary care for adults with intellectual disabilities: how extensive should they be? J Intellect Disabil Res. 2010 Jun;54(6):479-86. PMID: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20576060
- ↑ Krahn GL, Hammond L, Turner A. A cascade of disparities: health and health care access for people with intellectual disabilities. Ment Retard Dev Disabil Res Rev. 2006;12(1):70-82. Review. PMID: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16435327
- ↑ Rana F, Gormez A, Varghese S. Pharmacological interventions for self-injurious behaviour in adults with intellectual disabilities. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2013 Apr 30;(4):CD009084. Review. PMID: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23633366
- ↑ Rose J, Willner P, Shead J et al Different factors influence self-reports and third-party reports of anger by adults with intellectual disabilities. J Appl Res Intellect Disabil. 2013 Sep;26(5):410-9. PMID: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23925964
- ↑ Tenneij NH, Koot HM. Incidence, types and characteristics of aggressive behaviour in treatment facilities for adults with mild intellectual disability and severe challenging behaviour. J Intellect Disabil Res. 2008 Feb;52(Pt 2):114-24. PMID: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18197950
- ↑ Anderson LL, Humphries K, McDermott S The state of the science of health and wellness for adults with intellectual and developmental disabilities. Intellect Dev Disabil. 2013 Oct;51(5):385-98. Review. PMID: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24303825 Free PMC Article
- ↑ Carmeli E, Imam B. Health promotion and disease prevention strategies in older adults with intellectual and developmental disabilities. Front Public Health. 2014 Apr 14;2:31. eCollection 2014. Review. PMID: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24783190 Free PMC Article
- ↑ Heller T, Fisher D, Marks B, Hsieh K. Interventions to promote health: crossing networks of intellectual and developmental disabilities and aging. Disabil Health J. 2014 Jan;7(1 Suppl):S24-32. Review. PMID: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24456681
- ↑ Naaldenberg J, Kuijken N, van Dooren K et al Topics, methods and challenges in health promotion for people with intellectual disabilities: a structured review of literature. Res Dev Disabil. 2013 Dec;34(12):4534-45. Review. PMID: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24161461
- ↑ 18.0 18.1 Krinsky-McHale SJ, Silverman W. Dementia and mild cognitive impairment in adults with intellectual disability: issues of diagnosis. Dev Disabil Res Rev. 2013;18(1):31-42. Review. PMID: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23949827