stem cell
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Introduction
Found in all multicellular organisms
Function
- able to undergo mitosis
- able to differentiate into a diverse range of specialized cell types
- embryonic stem cells found in blastocyst can differentiate into specialized embryonic cells
- adult stem cells & progenitor cells act as repair system
- replenish specialized cells
- normal turnover of regerative organs
- blood, skin, intestinal tissues
Expression
- inducible from differentiated cells (fibroblasts)[4] (see induced pluripotential stem cell)
Biochemistry
- Notch1 activation promotes the survival of neural & pancreatic stem cells.[5]
- stem cells may have a gene activation signature of about 360 genes shared by malignant cells[2]
- p16ink4A expression increases in stem cells with age & diminishes cell proliferation[3]
Notes
- trachea created from a plastic matrix incubated in a solution containing autologous stem cells was transplanted into a 2 year girl born without a trachea[6]
More general terms
More specific terms
Additional terms
References
- ↑ Androutsellis-Theotokis A, Leker RR, Soldner F, Hoeppner DJ, Ravin R, Poser SW, Rueger MA, Bae SK, Kittappa R, McKay RD. Notch signalling regulates stem cell numbers in vitro and in vivo. Nature. 2006 Aug 17;442(7104):823-6. Epub 2006 Jun 25. PMID: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16799564
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 Krivtsov AV, Twomey D, Feng Z, Stubbs MC, Wang Y, Faber J, Levine JE, Wang J, Hahn WC, Gilliland DG, Golub TR, Armstrong SA. Transformation from committed progenitor to leukaemia stem cell initiated by MLL-AF9. Nature. 2006 Aug 17;442(7104):818-22. Epub 2006 Jul 16. PMID: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16862118
Passegue E. Cancer biology: a game of subversion. Nature. 2006 Aug 17;442(7104):754-5. No abstract available. PMID: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16915276 - ↑ 3.0 3.1 Jansen V et al, Stem-cell ageing modified by the cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor p16INK4a Nature 2006 (Sept 6) http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nature05159
Molofsky AV et al, Increasing p16INK4a expression decreases forebrain progenitors and neurogenesis during aging. Nature 2006 http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nature05091
Krishnamurthy J et al, p16INK4a induces age-dependent decline in islet regenerative potential Nature 2006 http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nature05092 - ↑ 4.0 4.1 Takahashi K et al, Induction of pluripotent stem cells from adult human fibroblasts by defined factors. Cell 2007, Nov 20, 131:861 <PubMed> PMID: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18035408 <Internet> http://dximages.cell.com/images/images/cell/ieps/3661.pdf Yu J et al, Induced pluripotent stem cells derived from human somatic cells. Science 2007, Nov 20 <PubMed> PMID: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18029452 <Internet> http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.1151526
- ↑ 5.0 5.1 Wikipedia: Stem cell http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stem_cell
- ↑ 6.0 6.1 Physician's First Watch, April 30, 2013 David G. Fairchild, MD, MPH, Editor-in-Chief Massachusetts Medical Society http://www.jwatch.org
Groundbreaking Surgery for Girl Born Without Windpipe New York Times. April 30, 2013 http://www.nytimes.com/2013/04/30/science/groundbreaking-surgery-for-girl-born-without-windpipe.html?_r=0 - ↑ Rezza A, Sennett R, Rendl M. Adult stem cell niches: cellular and molecular components. Curr Top Dev Biol. 2014;107:333-72. Review. PMID: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24439812
- ↑ National Cancer Institute:
stem cell transplant https://www.cancer.gov/publications/dictionaries/cancer-terms/def/stem-cell-transplant
Stem Cell Transplants in Cancer Treatment https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/treatment/types/stem-cell-transplant