taurine; 2-aminoethylsulfonic acid
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Pathology
- lower taurine, hypotaurine, & N-acetyltaurine concentrations are associated with abdominal obesity, hypertension, inflammation, & type 2 diabetes[1]
Pharmacology
- generally regarded as safe (GRAS)
- dosage: 250 mg/kg daily (15 g for 60 kg person)
- potential uses: type 2 diabetes, hypertension, weight reduction[1]
Physiology
- considered semiessential because levels are often lower in stressful or other unhealthy states or with aging[1]
- taurine & its metabolites increase in response to endurance exercise in humans
- taurine supplementation improves life span in mice & health span in monkeys
- humans can produce it from cysteine
- also present in diet, very little comes from plants[1]
Comparative biology
- cats lack sulfinoalanine decarboxylase, an enzyme necessary for taurine synthesis thus must obtain taurine from diet[1]
More general terms
Component of
- alanine/arginine/aspartate/glutamate/glycine/histidine/isoleucine/leucine/lysine/methionine/phenylalanine/proline/serine/taurine/threonine/tryptophan/tyrosine/valine
- alanine/arginine/aspartate/cysteine/glutamate/glycine/histidine/isoleucine/leucine/lysine/methionine/phenylalanine/proline/serine/taurine/threonine/tryptophan/tyrosine/valine
- alanine/arginine/aspartate/cysteine/glutamate/glycine/histidine/isoleucine/leucine/lysine/methionine/phenylalanine/proline/serine/sodium acetate/sodium chloride/taurine/threonine/tryptophan/tyrosine/valine
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 Lowe D Taurine Science. 2023. June 22 https://www.science.org/content/blog-post/taurine
- ↑ Singh P et al Taurine deficiency as a driver of aging. Science. 2023 380(6649):eabn9257 June 9 PMID: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37289866 https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.abn9257