central obesity; abdominal obesity

^[1]^[2]^[3]^[4]

Pathology

central obesity or abdominal obesity is due to excess visceral fat
central obesity is associated with an increased risk of diabetes mellitus type 2, dysplipidemia, hypertension, & cardiovascular disease & mortality in overweight & obese
central obesity is associated with cognitive impairment^[3]
central obesity may account for most of the colorectal cancer risk linked to obesity^[4]

waist circumference & waist/hip ratio identifies central_obesity
- waist/hip >0.9-1.0 in men & >0.85-0.9 in women indicates central obesity
- waist circumference >= 102 cm (40 inches) in men & >= 88 cm (35 inches) in women

↑ Medical Knowledge Self Assessment Program (MKSAP) 11, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19. American College of Physicians, Philadelphia 1998, 2009, 2012, 2015, 2018, 2022.
Medical Knowledge Self Assessment Program (MKSAP) 19 Board Basics. An Enhancement to MKSAP19. American College of Physicians, Philadelphia 2022
↑ Emdin CA, Khera AV, Natarajan P et al Genetic Association of Waist-to-Hip Ratio With Cardiometabolic Traits, Type 2 Diabetes, and Coronary Heart Disease. JAMA. 2017;317(6):626-634 <PubMed> PMID: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2819625 <Internet> http://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/article-abstract/2601502
↑ ^3.0 ^3.1 Lin Wy Associations of five obesity indicators with cognitive performance in 30,697 Taiwan Biobank participants. BMC Geriatrics. 2022 22:839. Nov 7 PMID: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36344931 https://bmcgeriatr.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12877-022-03457-x
↑ ^4.0 ^4.1 Safizadeh F, et al. Colorectal Cancer and Central Obesity. JAMA Netw Open. 2025. PMID: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/39820694 PMCID: PMC11739990 Free PMC article. https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamanetworkopen/fullarticle/2829271
Safizadeh F, et al. Central obesity may account for most of the colorectal cancer risk linked to obesity: evidence from the UK Biobank prospective cohort. Int J Obes (Lond). 2024. PMID: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/39562688 https://www.nature.com/articles/s41366-024-01680-7