melatonin

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[1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24]

Uses

* safe but may be ineffective for some sleep disorders[6]

* insufficient evidence to support use for cognitive impairment[13]

* American Academy of Sleep recommends against use for insomnia[18] Contrandications:

Function

Expression

  • melatonin levels vary with age & sleep-wake cycle[7]
  • in young men levels are 7% greater during sleep, but in elderly men are 37% lower
  • in elderly women, levels are 11% lower during sleep

Dosage

* long-acting melatonin is more effective than short-acting melatonin

Adverse effects

  • no reported serious adverse effects or toxicity[9]
  • may increase reactive aggression in men[15]

Drug interactions

Notes

  • over-the-counter products containing melatonin
    • melatonin content ranged from 74-347% of the labeled content
      • only 12% of products with melatonin content within 10% of the labeled content
    • 20% of products declared to contain cannabidiol 10.6-31.3 mg/serving
      • cannabidiol content ranged from 104-118% of the labeled content

More general terms

Additional terms

Component of

References

  1. ↑ Prescriber's Letter 7(8):46 2000
  2. ↑ Prescriber's Letter 7(11):59 2000
  3. ↑ Prescriber's Letter 8(5):29 2001
  4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 Prescriber's Letter 8(11):62 2001
  5. ↑ 5.0 5.1 Journal Watch 24(5):43, 2004 Leger D et al, Am J Med 116:91, 2004 PMID: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14715322
  6. ↑ 6.0 6.1 Buscemi N, Vandermeer B, Hooton N et al The efficacy and safety of exogenous melatonin for primary sleep disorders. A meta-analysis. J Gen Intern Med. 2005 Dec;20(12):1151-8. PMID: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16423108 Free PMC Article
    Buscemi N, Vandermeer B, Hooton N et al, Efficiency and safety of exogenous melatonin for secondary sleep disorders and sleep disorders accompanying sleep restriction: Meta-analysis. BMJ 2006; 332:385 PMID: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16473858 Free PMC Article
    Herxheimer A, Does melatonin help people sleep? It's a misapplied but probably safe miracle drug. BMJ 2006; 332372 PMID: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16484240
  7. ↑ 7.0 7.1 7.2 Zeiter JM et al, Plasma melatonin rhythms in young and older humans during sleep, sleep deprivation, and wake. Sleep 2007, 30:1437 PMID: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18041478
  8. ↑ Prescriber's Letter 17(5): 2010 COMMENTARY: Melatonin for Insomnia in Kids PATIENT HANDOUT: Strategies for Getting a Good Night's Sleep PATIENT HANDOUT SPANISH VERSION: Estrategias para poder dormir bien en la noche Detail-Document#: http://prescribersletter.com/(5bhgn1a4ni4cyp2tvybwfh55)/pl/ArticleDD.aspx?li=1&st=1&cs=&s=PRL&pt=3&fpt=25&dd=260508&pb=PRL (subscription needed) http://www.prescribersletter.com
  9. ↑ 9.0 9.1 9.2 9.3 9.4 Geriatrics at your Fingertips, 13th edition, 2011 Reuben DB et al (eds) American Geriatric Society
  10. ↑ 10.0 10.1 Romo-Nava F et al. Melatonin attenuates antipsychotic metabolic effects: An eight-week randomized, double-blind, parallel-group, placebo- controlled trial. Bipolar Disord 2014 Mar 17 <PubMed> PMID: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24636483 <Internet> http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bdi.12196/abstract
  11. ↑ 11.0 11.1 11.2 11.3 11.4 11.5 11.6 11.7 Geriatric Review Syllabus, 9th edition (GRS9) Medinal-Walpole A, Pacala JT, Porter JF (eds) American Geriatrics Society, 2016
  12. ↑ Wade AG, Ford I, Crawford G, McConnachie A et al Nightly treatment of primary insomnia with prolonged release melatonin for 6 months: a randomized placebo controlled trial on age and endogenous melatonin as predictors of efficacy and safety. BMC Med. 2010 Aug 16;8:51. PMID: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20712869 Free PMC Article
  13. ↑ 13.0 13.1 Jansen SL, Forbes DA, Duncan V, Morgan DG. Melatonin for cognitive impairment. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2006 Jan 25;(1):CD003802. Review. PMID: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16437462
  14. ↑ 14.0 14.1 Herxheimer A, Petrie KJ. Melatonin for the prevention and treatment of jet lag. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2002;(2):CD001520. Review. PMID: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12076414 Similar articles
  15. ↑ 15.0 15.1 Liu J, Zhong R, Xiong W, Liu H, Eisenegger C, Zhou X. Melatonin increases reactive aggression in humans. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2017 Jul 21; PMID: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28733812
  16. ↑ Marshall L As Melatonin Use Rises, So Do Safety Concerns. Medscape - Nov 13, 2018. https://www.medscape.com/viewarticle/904828
  17. ↑ 17.0 17.1 Ford AH, Flicker L, Kelly R et al The Healthy Heart-Mind Trial: Randomized Controlled Trial of Melatonin for Prevention of Delirium. J Am Geriatr Soc. 2019 Oct 8. PMID: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31595489
  18. ↑ 18.0 18.1 18.2 Lillie L Deprived of Sleep, Many Turn to Melatonin Despite Risks. Medscape. April 19, 2022 https://www.medscape.com/viewarticle/972397
    Li J, Somers VK, Xu H et al Trends in Use of Melatonin Supplements Among US Adults, 1999-2018. JAMA. 2022;327(5):483-485. PMID: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35103775 PMCID: PMC8808329 (available on 2022-08-01) https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/article-abstract/2788539
  19. ↑ WebMD: Melatonin https://www.webmd.com/vitamins/ai/ingredientmono-940/melatonin
  20. ↑ Melatonin (Herb/Suppl). Medscape Drugs & Diseases https://reference.medscape.com/drug/n-acetyl-5-methoxytryptamine-pineal-hormone-melatonin-melatonin-344545
  21. ↑ 21.0 21.1 Anderson P Melatonin a New Way to Reduce Self-Harm? Medscape. March 27, 2023 https://www.medscape.com/viewarticle/990150
    Leone M, Kuja-Halkola R, Lagerberg T et al Melatonin use and the risk of self-harm and unintentional injuries in youths with and without psychiatric disorders. J Child Pscychol Psychiatr 2023. March 23 PMID: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36950769
  22. ↑ Cohen PA, Avula B, Wang YH et al Quantity of Melatonin and CBD in Melatonin Gummies Sold in the US. JAMA. 2023;329(16):1401-1402 PMID: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37097362 PMCID: PMC10130950 Free PMC article https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/fullarticle/2804077
  23. ↑ 23.0 23.1 Zhang Z, Xue P, Bendlin BB et al Melatonin: A potential nighttime guardian against Alzheimer's. Mol Psychiatry. 2024 Aug 11. PMID: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/39128995 Review. https://www.nature.com/articles/s41380-024-02691-6
  24. ↑ Xie Z, Chen F, Li WA et al. A review of sleep disorders and melatonin. Neurol Res. 2017;39(6):559-565 PMID: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28460563 https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/01616412.2017.1315864
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