sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS); includes; accidental infant strangulations & suffocations

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[1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20]

Etiology

  • risk factors may be age-dependent[10]
    • predominant risk factor for younger infants is bed-sharing
    • whereas rolling to prone, with objects in the sleep area, is the predominant risk factor for older infants
  • other risk factors[6]
  • accidental strangulation & suffocation[16]
    • mean age at death was 3.8 months
    • sleep location: crib or bassinet (31%), adult bed (23%), sofa or chair (19%)
    • position: wedged (43%), on top of an object (26%), covered (8%)
    • implicated objects: pillows (25%), mattresses (21%), blankets (13%), walls (12%)
    • sleep surface sharing
      • infant position was most frequently overlaying by an adult or child (51%) or wedging (45%)
      • location was usually a sofa or chair (74%)[16]

Epidemiology

  • incidence 76/100,000 live births in 1998 USA
    • incidence has increased from 12 to 28 per 100,000 people 1999-2015[19]
  • > 50% of U.S. infants sleep with blankets, pillows, or other potentially dangerous bedding despite recommendations against this[12]
  • < 1/2 of women always place infant in supine position to sleep[17]
    • black (vs white) women & womwn who did not complete high school more likely to place infant in prone position[17]
  • unsafe infant sleep habits are still common[18]
    • 22% of mothers most often put infant to sleep on their side or stomach
    • nonsupine infant positioning highest among non-Hispanic blacks, younger & less educated mothers
    • 2/3 of mothers share bed with infant
    • 1/3 of mothers use soft bedding like bumpers in the crib

Pathology

Genetics

Differential diagnosis

child abuse[4]

Management

More general terms

More specific terms

Additional terms

References

  1. ↑ Journal Watch 22(8):62, 2002 McMartin KI et al, J Pediatr 140:205, 2002
  2. ↑ Jump up to: 2.0 2.1 Journal Watch 23(13):105, 2003 Hunt CE et al, Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med 157:469, 2003
  3. ↑ Journal Watch 24(10):83, 2004 Getahun D, Amre D, Rhoads GG, Demissie K. Maternal and obstetric risk factors for sudden infant death syndrome in the United States. Obstet Gynecol. 2004 Apr;103(4):646-52. PMID: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15051553
  4. ↑ Jump up to: 4.0 4.1 4.2 Hauck FR, Omojokun OO, Siadaty MS. Do pacifiers reduce the risk of sudden infant death syndrome? A meta-analysis. Pediatrics. 2005 Nov;116(5):e716-23. Epub 2005 Oct 10. PMID: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16216900
  5. ↑ Jump up to: 5.0 5.1 Li D-K et al, Use of a dummy (pacifier) during sleep and risk of sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS): population based case-control study BMJ 2006; 332:18 PMID: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16339767
  6. ↑ Jump up to: 6.0 6.1 Blair PS et al. Major epidemiological changes in sudden infant death syndrome: A 20-year population-based study in the UK. Lancet 2006 Jan 28; 367:314-9. PMID: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16443038
  7. ↑ Hymel KP. Distinguishing sudden infant death syndrome from child abuse fatalities. Pediatrics. 2006 Jul;118(1):421-7. <PubMed> PMID: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16818592 <Internet> http://aappolicy.aappublications.org/cgi/content/full/pediatrics;118/1/421
  8. ↑ Jump up to: 8.0 8.1 Paterson DS et al, Multiple serotonergic brainstem abnormalities in sudden infant death syndrome. JAMA 2006, 296:2124 PMID: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17077377
    Weese-Mayer DE, Sudden infant death syndrome: Is serotonin the key factor? JAMA 2006, 296:2143 PMID: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17077381
  9. ↑ Jump up to: 9.0 9.1 Duncan JR et al. Brainstem serotonergic deficiency in sudden infant death syndrome. JAMA 2010 Feb 3; 303:430. PMID: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20124538
  10. ↑ Jump up to: 10.0 10.1 10.2 Colvin JD et al Sleep Environment Risks for Younger and Older Infants. Pediatrics. July 2014 <PubMed> PMID: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25022735 <Internet> http://pediatrics.aappublications.org/content/early/2014/07/09/peds.2014-0401.full.pdf+html
  11. ↑ Choosing Wisely American Academy of Pediatrics Ten Things Physicians and Patients Should Question. http://www.choosingwisely.org/doctor-patient-lists/american-academy-of-pediatrics/
  12. ↑ Jump up to: 12.0 12.1 Shapiro-Mendoza CK et al Trends in Infant Bedding Use: National Infant Sleep Position Study, 1993-2010 Pediatrics. Dec 1, 2014 <PubMed> PMID: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25452654 <Internet> http://pediatrics.aappublications.org/content/early/2014/11/25/peds.2014-1793.abstract
    Moon RY, Hauck FR Hazardous Bedding in Infants' Sleep Environment Is Still Common and a Cause for Concern. Pediatrics. Dec 1, 2014 <PubMed> PMID: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25452652 <Internet> http://pediatrics.aappublications.org/content/early/2014/11/25/peds.2014-3218.full.pdf+html
  13. ↑ Jump up to: 13.0 13.1 Katz D, Shore S, Bandle B et al Sudden Infant Death Syndrome and Residential Altitude. Pediatrics. May 25, 2015 <PubMed> PMID: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26009621 <Internet> http://pediatrics.aappublications.org/content/early/2015/05/20/peds.2014-2697.abstract
  14. ↑ Jump up to: 14.0 14.1 14.2 Pease AS, Fleming PJ, Hauck FR et al Swaddling and the Risk of Sudden Infant Death Syndrome: A Meta-analysis/ Pediatrics May 2016 PMID: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27244847
  15. ↑ Jump up to: 15.0 15.1 15.2 15.3 15.4 15.5 Kassa H, Moon RY, Colvin JD Risk Factors for Sleep-Related Infant Deaths in In-Home and Out-of-Home Settings. Pediatrics Oct 2016, e20161124 PMID: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27940776
    TASK FORCE ON SUDDEN INFANT DEATH SYNDROME SIDS and Other Sleep-Related Infant Deaths: Updated 2016 Recommendations for a Safe Infant Sleeping Environment. Pediatrics Oct 2016, e20162938; PMID: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27940804
    Moon RY, TASK FORCE ON SUDDEN INFANT DEATH SYNDROME SIDS and Other Sleep-Related Infant Deaths: Evidence Base for 2016 Updated Recommendations for a Safe Infant Sleeping Environment. Pediatrics Oct 2016, e20162940 PMID: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27940805
  16. ↑ Jump up to: 16.0 16.1 16.2 Gaw CE, Chounthirath T, Midgett J, Quinlan K, Smith GA. Types of objects in the sleep environment associated with infant suffocation and strangulation. Acad Pediatr 2017 Jul 16; PMID: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28723589
  17. ↑ Jump up to: 17.0 17.1 17.2 17.3 Colson ER, Geller NL, Heeren T, Corwin MJ Factors Associated With Choice of Infant Sleep Position. Pediatrics. August 2017 <PubMed> PMID: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28827382 <Internet> http://pediatrics.aappublications.org/content/early/2017/08/17/peds.2017-0596
    Goodstein MH, Ostfeld BM Improvements in Infant Sleep Position: We Can Do Better! Pediatrics. August 2017 <PubMed> PMID: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28827378 <Internet> http://pediatrics.aappublications.org/content/early/2017/08/17/peds.2017-2068
  18. ↑ Jump up to: 18.0 18.1 Bombard JM, Kortsmit K, Warner L, et al. Vital Signs: Trends and Disparities in Infant Safe Sleep Practices - United States, 2009-2015. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. ePub: 9 January 2018 PMID: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29324729 Free PMC Article https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/volumes/67/wr/mm6701e1.htm
  19. ↑ Jump up to: 19.0 19.1 Gao Y, Schwebel DC, Hu G Infant Mortality Due to Unintentional Suffocation Among Infants Younger Than 1 Year in the United States, 1999-2015. JAMA Pediatr. Published online February 19, 2018. PMID: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29459979 https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamapediatrics/article-abstract/2672731
  20. ↑ Jump up to: 20.0 20.1 Anderson TM, Lavista Ferres JM, Ren SY et al. Maternal smoking before and during pregnancy and the risk of sudden unexpected infant death. Pediatrics 2019 Mar 11; PMID: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30858347 https://pediatrics.aappublications.org/content/early/2019/03/07/peds.2018-3325

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