malignant carcinoid
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Introduction
Approximately 11 - 14% of rectal carcinoids are malignant in some studies. Criteria for malignancy include:
- tumor size greater than 2 cm
- invasion of muscularis propria
- atypical histology
- greater than 2 mitoses per 10 high power fields (X400)
- DNA aneuploidy
More general terms
References
- ↑ WHO Classification Tumours of the Digestive System. IARC Press 2000.