gastrin (GAST, GAS)

Function

• stimulates secretion of gastric acid (HCl) by parietal cells of the stomach
• aids in gastric motility

Structure

• the principal forms of gastrin in blood are:
  • G-34 (big gastrin, t1/2 of 42 minutes)
  • G-17 (little gastrin, t1/2 of 5 minutes)
  • G-14 (mini gastrin, t1/2 of 5 minutes)
• gastrins circulate as sulfated (II) or non-sulfated (I) forms

Expression

• released by G cells in the stomach, duodenum, & pancreas
• release is stimulated by peptides in the lumen of the stomach
• gastrin levels follow a circadian pattern
  • lowest at 0300-0700 hours
  • highest during the day
• levels fluctuate in relation to meals

Pathology

• high serum gastrin (> 1000 pg/mL) occurs in
  • Zollinger-Ellison syndrome (+ gastric acid)
  • pernicious anemia (- gastric acid)

More general terms

• secreted protein
• gastrointestinal hormone

Additional terms

• gastrin in serum
• gastrin/cholecystokinin type B receptor; CCK-B receptor; CCK-BR; cholecystokinin-2 receptor; CCK2-R (CCKBR, CCKRB)
• Zollinger-Ellison (ZE) syndrome (gastrinoma)

Database

• Entrez gene: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?db=gene&cmd=Retrieve&dopt=Graphics&list_uids=2520
• Kegg: http://www.genome.jp/dbget-bin/www_bget?hsa:2520
• OMIM: https://mirror.omim.org/entry/137250
• UniProt: http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/P01350.html