growth/differentiation factor 15; GDF-15; placental bone morphogenetic protein; placental TGF-beta; macrophage inhibitory cytokine 1; MIC-1; prostate differentiation factor; NSAID-activated gene 1 protein; NAG-1; NSAID-regulated gene 1 protein; NRG-1 (GDF15, MIC1, PDF, PLAB, PTGFB)
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Function
- role in inflammation & oxidative stress
Structure
- homodimer; disulfide-linked (putative)
- belongs to the TGF-beta family
Compartment
secreted (probable)
Expression
- highly expressed in placenta
- expressed at lower levels in prostate & colon
- some expression in kidney
Pathology
- high levels of plasma GDF15 (median 1383 ng/L) associated with increased risk for major bleeding, mortality, & stroke in patients with atrial fibrillation*[2]
- fetal production of GDF15, & maternal sensitivity to GDF15, contribute to nausea & vomiting of morning sickness & risk of hyperemesis gravidarum[4]
* apixaban consistently reduces stroke, mortality, & bleeding, regardless of plasma GDF15 levels*
More general terms
References
- ↑ UniProt http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/Q99988.html
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 Atlas of Genetics & Cytogenetics in Oncology & Haematology http://atlasgeneticsoncology.org/genes/GDF15ID40701ch19p13.html
- ↑ Wallentin L et al. Growth differentiation factor 15, a marker of oxidative stress and inflammation, for risk assessment in patients with atrial fibrillation: Insights from the ARISTOTLE trial. Circulation 2014 Oct 7 <PubMed> PMID: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25294786 <Internet> http://circ.ahajournals.org/content/130/21/1847
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 Fejo M, Rocha N, Cimino I et al GDF15 linked to maternal risk of nausea and vomiting during pregnancy. Nature. 2-23. Dec 13. PMID: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/38092039 https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-023-06921-9