farnesyl pyrophosphate synthase; FPP synthase; FPS; (2E,6E)-farnesyl diphosphate synthase; dimethylallyltranstransferase; farnesyl diphosphate synthase; geranyltranstransferase (FDPS, FPS, KIAA1293)
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Function
- enzyme of isoprenoid & cholesterol biosynthesis
- catalyzes formation of farnesyl pyrophosphate (FPP), a precursor for several classes of essential metabolites including sterols, dolichols, carotenoids, & ubiquinones
- also serves as substrate for protein farnesylation & geranylgeranylation
- catalyzes sequential condensation of isopentenyl pyrophosphate with dimethylallyl pyrophosphate, & then with the resultant geranylpyrophosphate to form farnesyl pyrophosphate
- isoprenoid biosynthesis;
- interacts with RSAD2
- interacts with HTLV-1 protein p13(II)
dimethylallyl pyrophosphate + isopentenyl pyrophosphate = pyrophosphate + geranyl pyrophosphate
geranyl pyrophosphate + isopentenyl pyrophosphate = pyrophosphate + (2E,6E)-farnesyl pyrophosphate
Cofactor: binds 3 Mg+2 per subunit
Structure
- homodimer
- belongs to the FPP/GGPP synthase family
Compartment
Pathology
- inactivated by interferon-induced RSAD2
- this inactivation may result of disruption of lipid rafts at the plasma membrane, & thus have an antiviral effect since many enveloped viruses need lipid rafts to bud efficiently out of the cell