somatotropin-1; growth hormone; GH; GH-N; growth hormone 1; pituitary growth hormone (GH1)

Function

• role in growth control
• its major role in stimulating body growth is to stimulate the liver & other tissues to secrete IGF-1
• stimulates both the differentiation & proliferation of myoblasts
• stimulates amino acid uptake & protein synthesis in muscle & other tissues
• monomer, dimer, trimer, tetramer & pentamer, disulfide- linked or non-covalently associated, in homopolymeric & heteropolymeric combinations
• can also form a complex either with GHBP or with the alpha-2-macroglobulin complex

Structure

• belongs to the somatotropin/prolactin family

Compartment

secreted

Alternative splicing

• named isoforms=4
• additional isoforms seem to exist

Pathology

• defects in GH1 are a cause of
  • growth hormone deficiency isolated type 1A
  • growth hormone deficiency isolated type 1B
  • growth hormone deficiency
• defects in GH1 are the cause of Kowarski syndrome

Pharmacology

• available under the names Nutropin or Protropin (Genentech), Norditropin (Novo Nordisk), Genotropin (Pharmacia Upjohn), Humatrope (Eli Lilly) & Saizen or Serostim (Serono)
• used for the treatment of growth hormone deficiency & for treatment of Turner's syndrome

Notes

• circulating GH shows a great heterogeneity due to
  • alternative splicing
  • differential post-translational modifications of monomeric forms
  • oligomerization
  • optional binding to 2 different GH-binding proteins,
  • potentially, proteolytic processing

More general terms

• somatotropin; growth hormone; somatropin (GH)
• phosphoprotein

Additional terms

• growth hormone (somatotropin) in serum

Database

• Entrez gene: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?db=gene&cmd=Retrieve&dopt=Graphics&list_uids=2688
• Kegg: http://www.genome.jp/dbget-bin/www_bget?hsa:2688
• OMIM: https://mirror.omim.org/entry/139250
• OMIM: https://mirror.omim.org/entry/173100
• OMIM: https://mirror.omim.org/entry/262400
• OMIM: https://mirror.omim.org/entry/262650
• OMIM: https://mirror.omim.org/entry/612781
• UniProt: http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/P01241.html