crystals in urine

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Etiology

calcium oxalate crystals
- hypercalciuria, hyperoxaluria, ethylene glycol poisoning
calcium phosphate crystals*
uric acid crystals (radiolucent)
- hyperuticemia
- gout
- diabetes mellitus
- obesity
- tumor lysis syndrome
- urine pH < 6.0
cystine crystals (may be intermediate in radiopacity)
- cystinuria
ammonium magnesium phosphate crystals (struvite);
- alkaline pH often secondary to urea-splitting organism
less common
- xanthine crystals
- oxypurinol crystals
- tyrosine crystals

Indications

urinary calculi

Laboratory

urine microscopy
calcium oxalate crystals
- envelope, dumbbell or needle-shaped
calcium phosphate crystals*
- prism, needle or star-like clumps
uric acid crystals (radiolucent)
- rhomboid, needle rosette, barrels, hexagon plates
cystine crystals (may be intermediate in radiopacity)
- hexagonal
ammonium magnesium phosphate crystals (struvite);
- coffin lid
less common
- xanthine crystals
- oxypurinol crystals
- tyrosine crystals

More general terms

crystals in body fluid

More specific terms

Additional terms

Component of

urinalysis (UA)

References

↑ Laboratory Medicine: Test Selection & Interpretation. Howanitz & Howanitz (eds), Churchill Livingstone, NY, 1991, pg 119-121
↑ Clinical Diagnosis & Management by Laboratory Methods, 19th edition, J.B. Henry (ed), W.B. Saunders Co., Philadelphia, PA. 1996, pg 469-470
↑ Medical Knowledge Self Assessment Program (MKSAP) 11, 18. American College of Physicians, Philadelphia 1998, 2018.

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