aldo-keto reductase family 1 member B1; aldose reductase; aldehyde reductase (AKR1B1, ALDR1AR)

Function

• catalyzes NADPH-dependent reduction of a wide variety of carbonyl-containing compounds to their corresponding alcohols with a broad range of catalytic efficiencies
• Cys-299 may regulate the kinetic & inhibition properties of the enzyme, but does not participate in catalysis

alditol + NAD+/NADP+ <--> aldose + NADH/NADPH

Structure

• monomer
• belongs to the aldo/keto reductase family

Compartment

cytoplasm

Expression

• highly expressed in embryonic epithelial cells in response to osmotic stress

Pathology

• in diabetes & galactosemia, increased AKR1B1 activity leads to high levels of intracellular sorbitol & galactitol, respectively, in many tissues
• accumulation of sugar alcohols is associated with osmotic cataracts in the lens
• AKR1B1 may also play a role in diabetic complications of three other target tissues: nerve, kidney & retina

More general terms

• aldo-keto reductase
• phosphoprotein

Database

• UniProt: http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/P15121.html
• Kegg: http://www.genome.jp/dbget-bin/www_bget?hsa:231
• OMIM: https://mirror.omim.org/entry/103880
• Entrez gene: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?db=gene&cmd=Retrieve&dopt=Graphics&list_uids=231