endonuclease 3-like protein 1 (NTHL1, NTH1, OCTS3)

Function

• apurinic &/or apyrimidinic endonuclease activity
• DNA N-glycosylase activity
• cleaves damaged DNA at cytosine, thymine & guanine
• acts on a damaged strand, 5' from the damaged site
• involved in repair of oxidative DNA damage & spontaneous mutagenic lesions
• the C-O-P bond 3' to the apurinic or apyrimidinic site in DNA is broken by a beta-elimination reaction, leaving a 3'-OH & a 5'-phosphate

Cofactor:

• binds 1 4Fe-4S cluster
• the 4Fe-4S cluster is not important for catalytic activity, but is probably involved in proper positioning of the enzyme along the DNA strand

Structure

belongs to the Nth/mutY family

Compartment

nucleus

Expression

• widely expressed
• highest levels in heart
• lowest levels in lung & liver
• expression levels are regulated during the cell cycle
  • increased levels during early & mid S-phase

Notes

• uncertain whether Met-1, Met-9 or Met-16 is the initiator

More general terms

• endodeoxyribonuclease

Database

• Entrez gene: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?db=gene&cmd=Retrieve&dopt=Graphics&list_uids=4913
• Kegg: http://www.genome.jp/dbget-bin/www_bget?hsa:4913
• OMIM: https://mirror.omim.org/entry/602656
• UniProt: http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/P78549.html