hemodynamic monitoring

Indications

• to distinquish cardiogenic from non-cardiogenic pulmonary edema
• optimize fluid balance & PEEP levels in patients with ARDS
• guide therapy of pulmonary hypertension
• management of shock states

Procedure

• pressures* (mm Hg)
  • systemic arterial pressures
    • peak systolic/end diastolic: 100-140/60-90
    • mean: 70-105
  • left ventricle peak systolic/end diastolic: 100-140/3-12
  • left atrium or pulmonary capillary wedge pressure
    • mean: 2-10
    • a wave: 3-15
    • v wave: 2-10
  • pulmonary artery
    • peak systolic/end diastolic:13-30/4-12
    • mean: 9-18
  • right ventricle peak systolic/end diastolic:15-30/2-8
  • right atrium
    • mean: 2-8
    • a wave: 2-10
    • v wave: 2-10
• resistances* (dynes x sec/cm2)
  • systemic vascular resistance: 700-1600
  • pulmonary vascular resistance: 20-130
• cardiac output* (CO): 3.5-5.5 L/min
  • cardiac index (CI): 2.6 to 4.2 L/min/m2
• oxygen consumption index*: 110 to 150 L/min/m2
• arteriovenous oxygen consumption*: 30 to 50 mL/L

* hemodynamic parameters (normal values)

More general terms

• cardiac catheterization

Additional terms

• arterial pressure
• pulmonary artery occlusive pressure (PAoP); pulmonary capillary wedge pressure (PCWP)
• pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR)
• Swan-Ganz catheter (pulmonary artery catheter)
• systemic (peripheral) vascular resistance (SVR, PVR)
• venous pressure