primary hypogonadism
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Introduction
Failure of the gonads to respond to gonadotropin stimulation.
Etiology
- Klinefelter syndrome (XXY karyotype) (most common)
- chemotherapy
- pelvic irradiation
- mumps orchitis
- trauma
- autoimmune destruction
- hemochromatosis
- testicular torsion
Laboratory
- serum testosterone < 100 ng/mL (male)
- two 8 AM measurements[1]
- increased serum luteinizing hormone (serum LH)
- increased serum follicle-stimulating hormone (serum FSH)
- karyotyping to exclude Klinefelter syndrome (XXY karyotype)
- semen analysis shows azoospermia with Klinefelter syndrome